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<body class="manpage">
<div id="header">
<h1>git-repack(1) Manual Page</h1>
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-repack - Pack unpacked objects in a repository</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><em>git repack</em> [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [-b] [-m]
[--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>] [--threads=<n>] [--keep-pack=<pack-name>]
[--write-midx] [--name-hash-version=<n>] [--path-walk]</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This command is used to combine all objects that do not currently
reside in a "pack", into a pack. It can also be used to re-organize
existing packs into a single, more efficient pack.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A pack is a collection of objects, individually compressed, with
delta compression applied, stored in a single file, with an
associated index file.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Packs are used to reduce the load on mirror systems, backup
engines, disk storage, etc.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="dlist">
<dl>
<dt class="hdlist1">-a</dt>
<dd>
<p>Instead of incrementally packing the unpacked objects,
pack everything referenced into a single pack.
Especially useful when packing a repository that is used
for private development. Use
with <code>-d</code>. This will clean up the objects that <code>git</code> <code>prune</code>
leaves behind, but <code>git</code> <code>fsck</code> <code>--full</code> <code>--dangling</code> shows as
dangling.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Note that users fetching over dumb protocols will have to fetch the
whole new pack in order to get any contained object, no matter how many
other objects in that pack they already have locally.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Promisor packfiles are repacked separately: if there are packfiles that
have an associated ".promisor" file, these packfiles will be repacked
into another separate pack, and an empty ".promisor" file corresponding
to the new separate pack will be written.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-A</dt>
<dd>
<p>Same as <code>-a</code>, unless <code>-d</code> is used. Then any unreachable
objects in a previous pack become loose, unpacked objects,
instead of being left in the old pack. Unreachable objects
are never intentionally added to a pack, even when repacking.
This option prevents unreachable objects from being immediately
deleted by way of being left in the old pack and then
removed. Instead, the loose unreachable objects
will be pruned according to normal expiry rules
with the next <em>git gc</em> invocation. See <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-d</dt>
<dd>
<p>After packing, if the newly created packs make some
existing packs redundant, remove the redundant packs.
Also run <em>git prune-packed</em> to remove redundant
loose object files.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--cruft</dt>
<dd>
<p>Same as <code>-a</code>, unless <code>-d</code> is used. Then any unreachable objects
are packed into a separate cruft pack. Unreachable objects can
be pruned using the normal expiry rules with the next <code>git</code> <code>gc</code>
invocation (see <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>). Incompatible with <code>-k</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--cruft-expiration=<approxidate></dt>
<dd>
<p>Expire unreachable objects older than <em><approxidate></em>
immediately instead of waiting for the next <code>git</code> <code>gc</code> invocation.
Only useful with <code>--cruft</code> <code>-d</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--max-cruft-size=<n></dt>
<dd>
<p>Repack cruft objects into packs as large as <em><n></em> bytes before
creating new packs. As long as there are enough cruft packs
smaller than <em><n></em>, repacking will cause a new cruft pack to
be created containing objects from any combined cruft packs,
along with any new unreachable objects. Cruft packs larger than
<em><n></em> will not be modified. When the new cruft pack is larger
than <em><n></em> bytes, it will be split into multiple packs, all of
which are guaranteed to be at most <em><n></em> bytes in size. Only
useful with <code>--cruft</code> <code>-d</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--expire-to=<dir></dt>
<dd>
<p>Write a cruft pack containing pruned objects (if any) to the
directory <em><dir></em>. This option is useful for keeping a copy of
any pruned objects in a separate directory as a backup. Only
useful with <code>--cruft</code> <code>-d</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-l</dt>
<dd>
<p>Pass the <code>--local</code> option to <em>git pack-objects</em>. See
<a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-f</dt>
<dd>
<p>Pass the <code>--no-reuse-delta</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see
<a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-F</dt>
<dd>
<p>Pass the <code>--no-reuse-object</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see
<a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-q</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt>
<dd>
<p>Show no progress over the standard error stream and pass the <code>-q</code>
option to <em>git pack-objects</em>. See <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-n</dt>
<dd>
<p>Do not update the server information with
<em>git update-server-info</em>. This option skips
updating local catalog files needed to publish
this repository (or a direct copy of it)
over HTTP or FTP. See <a href="git-update-server-info.html">git-update-server-info(1)</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--window=<n></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--depth=<n></dt>
<dd>
<p>These two options affect how the objects contained in the pack are
stored using delta compression. The objects are first internally
sorted by type, size and optionally names and compared against the
other objects within <code>--window</code> to see if using delta compression saves
space. <code>--depth</code> limits the maximum delta depth; making it too deep
affects the performance on the unpacker side, because delta data needs
to be applied that many times to get to the necessary object.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50. The maximum
depth is 4095.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--threads=<n></dt>
<dd>
<p>This option is passed through to <code>git</code> <code>pack-objects</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--window-memory=<n></dt>
<dd>
<p>This option provides an additional limit on top of <code>--window</code>;
the window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take
up more than <em><n></em> bytes in memory. This is useful in
repositories with a mix of large and small objects to not run
out of memory with a large window, but still be able to take
advantage of the large window for the smaller objects. The
size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".
<code>--window-memory=0</code> makes memory usage unlimited. The default
is taken from the <code>pack.windowMemory</code> configuration variable.
Note that the actual memory usage will be the limit multiplied
by the number of threads used by <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--max-pack-size=<n></dt>
<dd>
<p>Maximum size of each output pack file. The size can be suffixed with
"k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
If specified, multiple packfiles may be created, which also
prevents the creation of a bitmap index.
The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
<code>pack.packSizeLimit</code> is set. Note that this option may result in
a larger and slower repository; see the discussion in
<code>pack.packSizeLimit</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--filter=<filter-spec></dt>
<dd>
<p>Remove objects matching the filter specification from the
resulting packfile and put them into a separate packfile. Note
that objects used in the working directory are not filtered
out. So for the split to fully work, it’s best to perform it
in a bare repo and to use the <code>-a</code> and <code>-d</code> options along with
this option. Also <code>--no-write-bitmap-index</code> (or the
<code>repack.writebitmaps</code> config option set to <code>false</code>) should be
used otherwise writing bitmap index will fail, as it supposes
a single packfile containing all the objects. See
<a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a> for valid <em><filter-spec></em> forms.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--filter-to=<dir></dt>
<dd>
<p>Write the pack containing filtered out objects to the
directory <em><dir></em>. Only useful with <code>--filter</code>. This can be
used for putting the pack on a separate object directory that
is accessed through the Git alternates mechanism. <strong>WARNING:</strong>
If the packfile containing the filtered out objects is not
accessible, the repo can become corrupt as it might not be
possible to access the objects in that packfile. See the
<code>objects</code> and <code>objects/info/alternates</code> sections of
<a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-b</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--write-bitmap-index</dt>
<dd>
<p>Write a reachability bitmap index as part of the repack. This
only makes sense when used with <code>-a</code>, <code>-A</code> or <code>-m</code>, as the bitmaps
must be able to refer to all reachable objects. This option
overrides the setting of <code>repack.writeBitmaps</code>. This option
has no effect if multiple packfiles are created, unless writing a
MIDX (in which case a multi-pack bitmap is created).</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--pack-kept-objects</dt>
<dd>
<p>Include objects in .<code>keep</code> files when repacking. Note that we
still do not delete .<code>keep</code> packs after <code>pack-objects</code> finishes.
This means that we may duplicate objects, but this makes the
option safe to use when there are concurrent pushes or fetches.
This option is generally only useful if you are writing bitmaps
with <code>-b</code> or <code>repack.writeBitmaps</code>, as it ensures that the
bitmapped packfile has the necessary objects.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--keep-pack=<pack-name></dt>
<dd>
<p>Exclude the given pack from repacking. This is the equivalent
of having .<code>keep</code> file on the pack. <em><pack-name></em> is the
pack file name without leading directory (e.g. <code>pack-123.pack</code>).
The option can be specified multiple times to keep multiple
packs.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--unpack-unreachable=<when></dt>
<dd>
<p>When loosening unreachable objects, do not bother loosening any
objects older than <em><when></em>. This can be used to optimize out
the write of any objects that would be immediately pruned by
a follow-up <code>git</code> <code>prune</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-k</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--keep-unreachable</dt>
<dd>
<p>When used with <code>-ad</code>, any unreachable objects from existing
packs will be appended to the end of the packfile instead of
being removed. In addition, any unreachable loose objects will
be packed (and their loose counterparts removed).</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-i</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--delta-islands</dt>
<dd>
<p>Pass the <code>--delta-islands</code> option to <code>git-pack-objects</code>, see
<a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-g<factor></dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--geometric=<factor></dt>
<dd>
<p>Arrange resulting pack structure so that each successive pack
contains at least <em><factor></em> times the number of objects as the
next-largest pack.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>git</code> <code>repack</code> ensures this by determining a "cut" of packfiles that need
to be repacked into one in order to ensure a geometric progression. It
picks the smallest set of packfiles such that as many of the larger
packfiles (by count of objects contained in that pack) may be left
intact.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Unlike other repack modes, the set of objects to pack is determined
uniquely by the set of packs being "rolled-up"; in other words, the
packs determined to need to be combined in order to restore a geometric
progression.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Loose objects are implicitly included in this "roll-up", without respect to
their reachability. This is subject to change in the future.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>When writing a multi-pack bitmap, <code>git</code> <code>repack</code> selects the largest resulting
pack as the preferred pack for object selection by the MIDX (see
<a href="git-multi-pack-index.html">git-multi-pack-index(1)</a>).</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">-m</dt>
<dt class="hdlist1">--write-midx</dt>
<dd>
<p>Write a multi-pack index (see <a href="git-multi-pack-index.html">git-multi-pack-index(1)</a>)
containing the non-redundant packs.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--name-hash-version=<n></dt>
<dd>
<p>Provide this argument to the underlying <code>git</code> <code>pack-objects</code> process.
See <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a> for full details.</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">--path-walk</dt>
<dd>
<p>This option passes the <code>--path-walk</code> option to the underlying
<code>git</code> <code>pack-options</code> process (see <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>).
By default, <code>git</code> <code>pack-objects</code> walks objects in an order that
presents trees and blobs in an order unrelated to the path they
appear relative to a commit’s root tree. The <code>--path-walk</code> option
enables a different walking algorithm that organizes trees and
blobs by path. This has the potential to improve delta compression
especially in the presence of filenames that cause collisions in
Git’s default name-hash algorithm. Due to changing how the objects
are walked, this option is not compatible with <code>--delta-islands</code>
or <code>--filter</code>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Various configuration variables affect packing, see
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> (search for "pack" and "delta").</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>By default, the command passes <code>--delta-base-offset</code> option to
<em>git pack-objects</em>; this typically results in slightly smaller packs,
but the generated packs are incompatible with versions of Git older than
version 1.4.4. If you need to share your repository with such ancient Git
versions, either directly or via the dumb http protocol, then you
need to set the configuration variable <code>repack.UseDeltaBaseOffset</code> to
"false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the native protocol
is unaffected by this option as the conversion is performed on the fly
as needed in that case.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Delta compression is not used on objects larger than the
<code>core.bigFileThreshold</code> configuration variable and on files with the
attribute <code>delta</code> set to false.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>
<a href="git-prune-packed.html">git-prune-packed(1)</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2025-03-17 07:09:38 UTC
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