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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968"><title>mkpasswd</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"><link rel="home" href="cygwin-ug-net.html" title="Cygwin User's Guide"><link rel="up" href="using-utils.html" title="Cygwin Utilities"><link rel="prev" href="mkgroup.html" title="mkgroup"><link rel="next" href="mount.html" title="mount"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">mkpasswd</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="mkgroup.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Cygwin Utilities</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="mount.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="refentry"><a name="mkpasswd"></a><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>mkpasswd — Write /etc/passwd-like output to stdout</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">mkpasswd</code> [
-l | -L
[<em class="replaceable"><code>MACHINE</code></em>]
] [-d [<em class="replaceable"><code>DOMAIN</code></em>]] [-c] [-S <em class="replaceable"><code>CHAR</code></em>] [-o <em class="replaceable"><code>OFFSET</code></em>] [-u <em class="replaceable"><code>USERNAME</code></em>] [-b] [-U <em class="replaceable"><code>USERLIST</code></em>]</p></div><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">mkpassword</code> -h | -V </p></div></div><div class="refsect1"><a name="mkpasswd-options"></a><h2>Options</h2><pre class="screen">
-l,--local [machine] Print local user accounts of \"machine\",
from local machine if no machine specified.
Automatically adding machine prefix for local
machine depends on settings in /etc/nsswitch.conf.
-L,--Local [machine] Ditto, but generate username with machine prefix.
-d,--domain [domain] Print domain accounts,
from current domain if no domain specified.
-c,--current Print current user.
-S,--separator char For -L use character char as domain\\user
separator in username instead of the default '+'.
-o,--id-offset offset Change the default offset (0x10000) added to uids
of foreign local machine accounts. Use with -l/-L.
-u,--username username Only return information for the specified user.
One of -l, -d must be specified, too
-b,--no-builtin Don't print BUILTIN users.
-p,--path-to-home path Use specified path instead of user account home dir
or /home prefix.
-U,--unix userlist Print UNIX users when using -l on a UNIX Samba
server. Userlist is a comma-separated list of
usernames or uid ranges (root,-25,50-100).
Enumerating large ranges can take a long time!
-h,--help Displays this message.
-V,--version Version information and exit.
Default is to print local accounts on stand-alone machines, domain accounts
on domain controllers and domain member machines.
</pre></div><div class="refsect1"><a name="mkpasswd-desc"></a><h2>Description</h2><p>Don't use this command to generate a local /etc/passwd file, unless you
really need one. See the Cygwin User's Guide for more information.</p><p>The <span class="command"><strong>mkpasswd</strong></span> program can be used to create a
<code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code> file. Cygwin doesn't need this file,
because it reads user information from the Windows account databases,
but you can add an <code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code> file, for instance
if your machine is often disconnected from its domain controller.</p><p>Note that this information is static, in contrast to the information
automatically gathered by Cygwin from the Windows account databases. If
you change the user information on your system, you'll need to regenerate
the passwd file for it to have the new information.</p><p>By default, the information generated by <span class="command"><strong>mkpasswd</strong></span>
is equivalent to the information generated by Cygwin itself. The
<code class="literal">-d</code> and <code class="literal">-l/-L</code> options allow you to
specify where the information comes from, some domain, or the local SAM
of a machine. Note that you can only enumerate accounts from trusted
domains. Any non-trusted domain will be ignored. Access-restrictions
of your current account apply. The <code class="literal">-l/-L</code> when used
with a machine name, tries to contact that machine to enumerate local
groups of other machines, typically outside of domains. This scenario
cannot be covered by Cygwin's account automatism. If you want to use
the <code class="literal">-L</code> option, but you don't like the default
domain/group separator from <code class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</code>,
you can specify another separator using the <code class="literal">-S</code> option,
analog to <span class="command"><strong>mkgroup</strong></span>.</p><p>For very simple needs, an entry for the current user can be created
by using the option <code class="literal">-c</code>.</p><p>The <code class="literal">-o</code> option allows for special cases (such as
multiple domains) where the UIDs might match otherwise. The
<code class="literal">-p</code> option causes <span class="command"><strong>mkpasswd</strong></span> to use
the specified prefix instead of the account home dir or <code class="literal">/home/
</code>. For example, this command:
</p><div class="example"><a name="utils-althome-ex"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 3.8. Using an alternate home root</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mkpasswd -l -p "$(cygpath -H)" > /etc/passwd</code></strong>
</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><p>
would put local users' home directories in the Windows
'Profiles' directory. The <code class="literal">-u</code> option creates just an
entry for the specified user. The <code class="literal">-U</code> option allows you
to enumerate the standard UNIX users on a Samba machine. It's used
together with <code class="literal">-l samba-server</code> or <code class="literal">-L
samba-server</code>. The normal UNIX users are usually not enumerated,
but they can show up as file owners in <span class="command"><strong>ls -l</strong></span> output.
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