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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968"><title>Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"><link rel="home" href="cygwin-ug-net.html" title="Cygwin User's Guide"><link rel="up" href="cygwin-ug-net.html" title="Cygwin User's Guide"><link rel="prev" href="ov-new.html" title="What's new and what changed in Cygwin"><link rel="next" href="setup-env.html" title="Environment Variables"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ov-new.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="setup-env.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="setup-net"></a>Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin</h1></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-net.html#internet-setup">Internet Setup</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-download">Download Source</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-dir">Selecting an Install Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-localdir">Local Package Directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-connection">Connection Method</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-mirror">Choosing Mirrors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-packages">Choosing Packages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-progress">Download and Installation Progress</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-icons">Shortcuts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-postinstall">Post-Install Scripts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-net.html#setup-troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-env.html">Environment Variables</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-env.html#setup-env-ov">Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-env.html#setup-env-win32">Restricted Win32 environment</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-maxmem.html">Changing Cygwin's Maximum Memory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-locale.html">Internationalization</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-ov">Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-how">How to set the locale</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-console">The Windows Console character set</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-problems">Potential Problems when using Locales</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="setup-locale.html#setup-locale-charsetlist">List of supported character sets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="setup-files.html">Customizing bash</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="internet-setup"></a>Internet Setup</h2></div></div></div><p>To install the Cygwin net release, go to <a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/" target="_top">https://cygwin.com/</a> and run
<a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe" target="_top">setup-x86_64.exe</a>
to install the 64 bit version of Cygwin. This will download a GUI
installer which can be run to download a complete cygwin installation
via the internet. Follow the instructions on each screen to install Cygwin.
</p><p>
The <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> installer is designed to be easy
for new users to understand while remaining flexible for the
experienced. The volunteer development team is constantly working
on <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>; before requesting a new feature,
check the wishlist in the
<a class="ulink" href="https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=cygwin-setup.git;a=blob_plain;f=README;hb=HEAD" target="_top">Git <code class="literal">README</code>
</a>. It may already be present in the Git version!
</p><p>
On Windows Vista and later, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> will check by
default if it runs with administrative privileges and, if not, will try
to elevate the process. If you want to avoid this behaviour and install
under an unprivileged account just for your own usage, run
<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> with the <code class="literal">--no-admin</code> option.
</p><p>
Since the default value for each option is the logical choice for
most installations, you can get a working minimal Cygwin environment
installed by simply clicking the <code class="literal">Next</code> button
at each page. The only exception to this is choosing a Cygwin mirror,
which you can choose by experimenting with those listed at
<a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html" target="_top">https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html</a>. For more details about each of page of the
<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> installation, read on below.
Please note that this guide assumes that you have a basic understanding
of Unix (or a Unix-like OS). If you are new to Unix, you will also want
to make use of <a class="ulink" href="http://www.google.com/search?q=new+to+unix" target="_top">
other resources</a>.
</p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-download"></a>Download Source</h3></div></div></div><p>
Cygwin uses packages to manage installing various software. When
the default <code class="literal">Install from Internet</code> option is chosen,
<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> creates a local directory to store
the packages before actually installing the contents.
<code class="literal">Download from Internet</code> performs only the first
part (storing the packages locally), while
<code class="literal">Install from Local Directory</code> performs only the
second (installing the contents of the packages).
</p><p>
The <code class="literal">Download from Internet</code> option is mainly
for creating a base Cygwin package tree on one computer for
installation on several machines with
<code class="literal">Install from Local Directory</code>; copy the
entire local package tree to another machine with the directory
tree intact. For example, you might create a <code class="literal">C:\cache\</code>
directory and place <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> in it. Run
<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> to <code class="literal">Install from Internet</code>
or <code class="literal">Download from Internet</code>, then copy the whole
<code class="literal">C:\cache\</code> to each machine and instead choose
<code class="literal">Install from Local Directory</code>.
</p><p>
Though this provides some basic mirroring functionality, if you
are managing a large Cygwin installation, to keep up to date we recommend
using a mirroring tool such as <span class="command"><strong>wget</strong></span>. A helpful user on
the Cygwin mailing list created a simple demonstration script to accomplish
this; search the list for <span class="command"><strong>mkcygwget</strong></span> for ideas.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-dir"></a>Selecting an Install Directory</h3></div></div></div><p>
The <code class="literal">Root Directory</code> for Cygwin (default
<code class="literal">C:\cygwin</code>) will become <code class="literal">/</code>
within your Cygwin installation. You must have write access to
the parent directory, and any ACLs on the parent directory will
determine access to installed files.
</p><p>
The <code class="literal">Install For</code> options of <code class="literal">All Users</code>
or <code class="literal">Just Me</code> should always be left on the default
<code class="literal">All Users</code>, unless you do not have write access to
<code class="literal">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</code> in the registry or the All Users
Start Menu. This is true even if you are the only user planning to use Cygwin
on the machine. Selecting <code class="literal">Just Me</code> will cause problems
for programs such as <span class="command"><strong>crond</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>sshd</strong></span>.
If you do not have the necessary permissions, but still want to use these
programs, consult the Cygwin mailing list archives about others' experiences.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-localdir"></a>Local Package Directory</h3></div></div></div><p>
The <code class="literal">Local Package Directory</code> is the cache where
<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> stores the packages before they are
installed. The cache must not be the same folder as the Cygwin
root. Within the cache, a separate directory is created for each
Cygwin mirror, which allows <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> to use
multiple mirrors and custom packages. After installing Cygwin,
the cache is no longer necessary, but you may want to retain the
packages as backups, for installing Cygwin to another system,
or in case you need to reinstall a package.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-connection"></a>Connection Method</h3></div></div></div><p>
The <code class="literal">Direct Connection</code> method of downloading will
directly connect. If your system is configured to use a proxy server or
auto-configuration scripts, the <code class="literal">Use System Proxy Settings</code>
method uses those settings. Alternatively, you can manually enter proxy
settings into the <code class="literal">Use HTTP/FTP Proxy</code> section.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-mirror"></a>Choosing Mirrors</h3></div></div></div><p>
Since there is no way of knowing from where you will be downloading
Cygwin, you need to choose at least one mirror site. Cygwin mirrors
are geographically distributed around the world; check the list at
<a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html" target="_top">https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html</a>
to find one near you. You can select multiple mirrors by holding down
<code class="literal">CTRL</code> and clicking on each one. If you have the URL of
an unlisted mirror (for example, if your organization has an internal Cygwin
mirror) you can add it.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-packages"></a>Choosing Packages</h3></div></div></div><p>
For each selected mirror site, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> downloads a
small text file called <code class="literal">setup.bz2</code> that contains a list
of packages available from that site along with some basic information about
each package which <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> parses and uses to create the
chooser window. For details about the format of this file, see the
<a class="ulink" href="https://sourceware.org/cygwin-apps/setup.html" target="_top">setup homepage</a>.
</p><p>
The chooser is the most complex part of <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>.
Packages are grouped into categories, and one package may belong to multiple
categories (assigned by the volunteer package maintainer). Each package
can be found under any of those categories in the hierarchical chooser view.
By default, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
will install only the packages in the <code class="literal">Base</code> category
and their dependencies, resulting in a minimal Cygwin installation.
However, this will not include many commonly used tools such as
<span class="command"><strong>gcc</strong></span> (which you will find in the <code class="literal">Devel</code>
category). Since <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> automatically selects
dependencies, be careful not to unselect any required packages. In
particular, everything in the <code class="literal">Base</code> category is
required.
</p><p>
You can change <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>'s view style, which is helpful
if you know the name of a package you want to install but not which
category it is in.
Click on the <code class="literal">View</code> button and it will rotate between
<code class="literal">Category</code> (the default), <code class="literal">Full</code> (all
packages), and <code class="literal">Pending</code> (only packages to be
installed, removed or upgraded).
If you are familiar with Unix, you will probably want to at least glance
through the <code class="literal">Full</code> listing for your favorite tools.
</p><p>
Once you have an existing Cygwin installation, the <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
chooser is also used to manage your Cygwin installation.
Information on installed packages is kept in the
<code class="literal">/etc/setup/</code> directory of your Cygwin installation; if
<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> cannot find this directory it will act as if
you have no Cygwin installation. If <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
finds a newer version of an installed package available, it will automatically
mark it to be upgraded.
To <code class="literal">Uninstall</code>, <code class="literal">Reinstall</code>, or get the
<code class="literal">Source</code> for an existing package, click on
<code class="literal">Keep</code> to toggle it.
Also, to avoid the need to reboot after upgrading, make sure
to close all Cygwin windows and stop all Cygwin processes before
<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> begins to install the upgraded package.
</p><p>
To avoid unintentionally upgrading, use the <code class="literal">Pending</code>
view to see which packages have been marked for upgrading. If you
don't want to upgrade a package, click on the new version number to
toggle it until it says <code class="literal">Keep</code>. All packages can be
set to stay at the installed version by pressing the <code class="literal">Keep</code>
button in the top right part of the chooser window.
</p><p>
A previous version of each package is usually available, in case downgrading
is required to avoid a serious bug in the current version of the package.
Packages also occasionally have testing (or "experimental") versions available.
Previous and experimental versions can be chosen by clicking on the package's
<code class="literal">New</code> column until the required version appears.
</p><p>
All available experimental packages can be selected by pressing the
<code class="literal">Exp</code> in the top right part of the chooser window.
Be warned, however, that the next time you run <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
it will try to replace all old or experimental versions with the current
version, unless told otherwise.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-progress"></a>Download and Installation Progress</h3></div></div></div><p>
First, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> will download all selected packages
to the local directory chosen earlier. Before installing,
<span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> performs a checksum on each package. If the
local directory is a slow medium (such as a network drive) this can take
a long time. During the download and installation, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
shows progress bars for the current task and total remaining disk space.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-icons"></a>Shortcuts</h3></div></div></div><p>
You may choose to install "Cygwin Terminal" shortcuts on the Desktop
and/or Start Menu. These shortcuts run <span class="command"><strong>mintty</strong></span>,
which will start your default shell as specified
in <code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code>.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-postinstall"></a>Post-Install Scripts</h3></div></div></div><p>
Last of all, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> will run any post-install
scripts to finish correctly setting up installed packages.
When the last post-install script is completed, <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span>
will display a box announcing the completion. A few packages, such as
the OpenSSH server, require some manual site-specific configuration.
Relevant documentation can be found in the <code class="literal">/usr/doc/Cygwin/</code>
or <code class="literal">/usr/share/doc/Cygwin/</code> directory.
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="setup-troubleshooting"></a>Troubleshooting</h3></div></div></div><p>
Unfortunately, the complex setup process means that odd problems can
occur. If you're having trouble downloading packages, it may be network
congestion, so try a different mirror and/or a different protocol (i.e.,
HTTP instead of FTP). If you notice something is not working after
running setup, you can check the <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> log file
at <code class="literal">/var/log/setup.log.full</code>. Make a backup of this
file before running <span class="command"><strong>setup</strong></span> again, and follow the
steps for <a class="ulink" href="https://cygwin.com/problems.html" target="_top">Reporting
Problems with Cygwin</a>.
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