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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>11.6. Unique Indexes</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="indexes-bitmap-scans.html" title="11.5. Combining Multiple Indexes" /><link rel="next" href="indexes-expressional.html" title="11.7. Indexes on Expressions" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">11.6. Unique Indexes</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="indexes-bitmap-scans.html" title="11.5. Combining Multiple Indexes">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="indexes.html" title="Chapter 11. Indexes">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 11. Indexes</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 16.3 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="indexes-expressional.html" title="11.7. Indexes on Expressions">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="INDEXES-UNIQUE"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">11.6. Unique Indexes <a href="#INDEXES-UNIQUE" class="id_link">#</a></h2></div></div></div><a id="id-1.5.10.9.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
Indexes can also be used to enforce uniqueness of a column's value,
or the uniqueness of the combined values of more than one column.
</p><pre class="synopsis">
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em> ON <em class="replaceable"><code>table</code></em> (<em class="replaceable"><code>column</code></em> [<span class="optional">, ...</span>]) [<span class="optional"> NULLS [<span class="optional"> NOT </span>] DISTINCT </span>];
</pre><p>
Currently, only B-tree indexes can be declared unique.
</p><p>
When an index is declared unique, multiple table rows with equal
indexed values are not allowed. By default, null values in a unique column
are not considered equal, allowing multiple nulls in the column. The
<code class="literal">NULLS NOT DISTINCT</code> option modifies this and causes the
index to treat nulls as equal. A multicolumn unique index will only reject
cases where all indexed columns are equal in multiple rows.
</p><p>
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> automatically creates a unique
index when a unique constraint or primary key is defined for a table.
The index covers the columns that make up the primary key or unique
constraint (a multicolumn index, if appropriate), and is the mechanism
that enforces the constraint.
</p><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
There's no need to manually
create indexes on unique columns; doing so would just duplicate
the automatically-created index.
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