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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>CREATE PUBLICATION</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="sql-createprocedure.html" title="CREATE PROCEDURE" /><link rel="next" href="sql-createrole.html" title="CREATE ROLE" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">CREATE PUBLICATION</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-createprocedure.html" title="CREATE PROCEDURE">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">SQL Commands</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 16.3 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-createrole.html" title="CREATE ROLE">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="refentry" id="SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.3.77.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">CREATE PUBLICATION</span></h2><p>CREATE PUBLICATION — define a new publication</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><pre class="synopsis">
CREATE PUBLICATION <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em>
[ FOR ALL TABLES
| FOR <em class="replaceable"><code>publication_object</code></em> [, ... ] ]
[ WITH ( <em class="replaceable"><code>publication_parameter</code></em> [= <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>] [, ... ] ) ]
<span class="phrase">where <em class="replaceable"><code>publication_object</code></em> is one of:</span>
TABLE [ ONLY ] <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em> [ * ] [ ( <em class="replaceable"><code>column_name</code></em> [, ... ] ) ] [ WHERE ( <em class="replaceable"><code>expression</code></em> ) ] [, ... ]
TABLES IN SCHEMA { <em class="replaceable"><code>schema_name</code></em> | CURRENT_SCHEMA } [, ... ]
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.77.5"><h2>Description</h2><p>
<code class="command">CREATE PUBLICATION</code> adds a new publication
into the current database. The publication name must be distinct from
the name of any existing publication in the current database.
</p><p>
A publication is essentially a group of tables whose data changes are
intended to be replicated through logical replication. See
<a class="xref" href="logical-replication-publication.html" title="31.1. Publication">Section 31.1</a> for details about how
publications fit into the logical replication setup.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.77.6"><h2>Parameters</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt id="SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-NAME"><span class="term"><em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></span> <a href="#SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-NAME" class="id_link">#</a></dt><dd><p>
The name of the new publication.
</p></dd><dt id="SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-FOR-TABLE"><span class="term"><code class="literal">FOR TABLE</code></span> <a href="#SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-FOR-TABLE" class="id_link">#</a></dt><dd><p>
Specifies a list of tables to add to the publication. If
<code class="literal">ONLY</code> is specified before the table name, only
that table is added to the publication. If <code class="literal">ONLY</code> is not
specified, the table and all its descendant tables (if any) are added.
Optionally, <code class="literal">*</code> can be specified after the table name to
explicitly indicate that descendant tables are included.
This does not apply to a partitioned table, however. The partitions of
a partitioned table are always implicitly considered part of the
publication, so they are never explicitly added to the publication.
</p><p>
If the optional <code class="literal">WHERE</code> clause is specified, it defines a
<em class="firstterm">row filter</em> expression. Rows for
which the <em class="replaceable"><code>expression</code></em>
evaluates to false or null will not be published. Note that parentheses
are required around the expression. It has no effect on
<code class="literal">TRUNCATE</code> commands.
</p><p>
When a column list is specified, only the named columns are replicated.
If no column list is specified, all columns of the table are replicated
through this publication, including any columns added later. It has no
effect on <code class="literal">TRUNCATE</code> commands. See
<a class="xref" href="logical-replication-col-lists.html" title="31.4. Column Lists">Section 31.4</a> for details about column
lists.
</p><p>
Only persistent base tables and partitioned tables can be part of a
publication. Temporary tables, unlogged tables, foreign tables,
materialized views, and regular views cannot be part of a publication.
</p><p>
Specifying a column list when the publication also publishes
<code class="literal">FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA</code> is not supported.
</p><p>
When a partitioned table is added to a publication, all of its existing
and future partitions are implicitly considered to be part of the
publication. So, even operations that are performed directly on a
partition are also published via publications that its ancestors are
part of.
</p></dd><dt id="SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-FOR-ALL-TABLES"><span class="term"><code class="literal">FOR ALL TABLES</code></span> <a href="#SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-FOR-ALL-TABLES" class="id_link">#</a></dt><dd><p>
Marks the publication as one that replicates changes for all tables in
the database, including tables created in the future.
</p></dd><dt id="SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-FOR-TABLES-IN-SCHEMA"><span class="term"><code class="literal">FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA</code></span> <a href="#SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-FOR-TABLES-IN-SCHEMA" class="id_link">#</a></dt><dd><p>
Marks the publication as one that replicates changes for all tables in
the specified list of schemas, including tables created in the future.
</p><p>
Specifying a schema when the publication also publishes a table with a
column list is not supported.
</p><p>
Only persistent base tables and partitioned tables present in the schema
will be included as part of the publication. Temporary tables, unlogged
tables, foreign tables, materialized views, and regular views from the
schema will not be part of the publication.
</p><p>
When a partitioned table is published via schema level publication, all
of its existing and future partitions are implicitly considered to be part of the
publication, regardless of whether they are from the publication schema or not.
So, even operations that are performed directly on a
partition are also published via publications that its ancestors are
part of.
</p></dd><dt id="SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-WITH"><span class="term"><code class="literal">WITH ( <em class="replaceable"><code>publication_parameter</code></em> [= <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>] [, ... ] )</code></span> <a href="#SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-WITH" class="id_link">#</a></dt><dd><p>
This clause specifies optional parameters for a publication. The
following parameters are supported:
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt id="SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-WITH-PUBLISH"><span class="term"><code class="literal">publish</code> (<code class="type">string</code>)</span> <a href="#SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-WITH-PUBLISH" class="id_link">#</a></dt><dd><p>
This parameter determines which DML operations will be published by
the new publication to the subscribers. The value is
comma-separated list of operations. The allowed operations are
<code class="literal">insert</code>, <code class="literal">update</code>,
<code class="literal">delete</code>, and <code class="literal">truncate</code>.
The default is to publish all actions,
and so the default value for this option is
<code class="literal">'insert, update, delete, truncate'</code>.
</p><p>
This parameter only affects DML operations. In particular, the initial
data synchronization (see <a class="xref" href="logical-replication-architecture.html#LOGICAL-REPLICATION-SNAPSHOT" title="31.7.1. Initial Snapshot">Section 31.7.1</a>)
for logical replication does not take this parameter into account when
copying existing table data.
</p></dd><dt id="SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-WITH-PUBLISH-VIA-PARTITION-ROOT"><span class="term"><code class="literal">publish_via_partition_root</code> (<code class="type">boolean</code>)</span> <a href="#SQL-CREATEPUBLICATION-WITH-PUBLISH-VIA-PARTITION-ROOT" class="id_link">#</a></dt><dd><p>
This parameter determines whether changes in a partitioned table (or
on its partitions) contained in the publication will be published
using the identity and schema of the partitioned table rather than
that of the individual partitions that are actually changed; the
latter is the default. Enabling this allows the changes to be
replicated into a non-partitioned table or a partitioned table
consisting of a different set of partitions.
</p><p>
There can be a case where a subscription combines multiple
publications. If a partitioned table is published by any
subscribed publications which set
<code class="literal">publish_via_partition_root = true</code>, changes on this
partitioned table (or on its partitions) will be published using
the identity and schema of this partitioned table rather than
that of the individual partitions.
</p><p>
This parameter also affects how row filters and column lists are
chosen for partitions; see below for details.
</p><p>
If this is enabled, <code class="literal">TRUNCATE</code> operations performed
directly on partitions are not replicated.
</p></dd></dl></div></dd></dl></div><p>
When specifying a parameter of type <code class="type">boolean</code>, the
<code class="literal">=</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>value</code></em>
part can be omitted, which is equivalent to
specifying <code class="literal">TRUE</code>.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.77.7"><h2>Notes</h2><p>
If <code class="literal">FOR TABLE</code>, <code class="literal">FOR ALL TABLES</code> or
<code class="literal">FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA</code> are not specified, then the
publication starts out with an empty set of tables. That is useful if
tables or schemas are to be added later.
</p><p>
The creation of a publication does not start replication. It only defines
a grouping and filtering logic for future subscribers.
</p><p>
To create a publication, the invoking user must have the
<code class="literal">CREATE</code> privilege for the current database.
(Of course, superusers bypass this check.)
</p><p>
To add a table to a publication, the invoking user must have ownership
rights on the table. The <code class="command">FOR ALL TABLES</code> and
<code class="command">FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA</code> clauses require the invoking
user to be a superuser.
</p><p>
The tables added to a publication that publishes <code class="command">UPDATE</code>
and/or <code class="command">DELETE</code> operations must have
<code class="literal">REPLICA IDENTITY</code> defined. Otherwise those operations will be
disallowed on those tables.
</p><p>
Any column list must include the <code class="literal">REPLICA IDENTITY</code> columns
in order for <code class="command">UPDATE</code> or <code class="command">DELETE</code>
operations to be published. There are no column list restrictions if the
publication publishes only <code class="command">INSERT</code> operations.
</p><p>
A row filter expression (i.e., the <code class="literal">WHERE</code> clause) must contain only
columns that are covered by the <code class="literal">REPLICA IDENTITY</code>, in
order for <code class="command">UPDATE</code> and <code class="command">DELETE</code> operations
to be published. For publication of <code class="command">INSERT</code> operations,
any column may be used in the <code class="literal">WHERE</code> expression. The
row filter allows simple expressions that don't have
user-defined functions, user-defined operators, user-defined types,
user-defined collations, non-immutable built-in functions, or references to
system columns.
</p><p>
The row filter on a table becomes redundant if
<code class="literal">FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA</code> is specified and the table
belongs to the referred schema.
</p><p>
For published partitioned tables, the row filter for each
partition is taken from the published partitioned table if the
publication parameter <code class="literal">publish_via_partition_root</code> is true,
or from the partition itself if it is false (the default).
See <a class="xref" href="logical-replication-row-filter.html" title="31.3. Row Filters">Section 31.3</a> for details about row
filters.
Similarly, for published partitioned tables, the column list for each
partition is taken from the published partitioned table if the
publication parameter <code class="literal">publish_via_partition_root</code> is true,
or from the partition itself if it is false.
</p><p>
For an <code class="command">INSERT ... ON CONFLICT</code> command, the publication will
publish the operation that results from the command. Depending
on the outcome, it may be published as either <code class="command">INSERT</code> or
<code class="command">UPDATE</code>, or it may not be published at all.
</p><p>
For a <code class="command">MERGE</code> command, the publication will publish an
<code class="command">INSERT</code>, <code class="command">UPDATE</code>, or <code class="command">DELETE</code>
for each row inserted, updated, or deleted.
</p><p>
<code class="command">ATTACH</code>ing a table into a partition tree whose root is
published using a publication with <code class="literal">publish_via_partition_root</code>
set to <code class="literal">true</code> does not result in the table's existing contents
being replicated.
</p><p>
<code class="command">COPY ... FROM</code> commands are published
as <code class="command">INSERT</code> operations.
</p><p>
<acronym class="acronym">DDL</acronym> operations are not published.
</p><p>
The <code class="literal">WHERE</code> clause expression is executed with the role used
for the replication connection.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.77.8"><h2>Examples</h2><p>
Create a publication that publishes all changes in two tables:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CREATE PUBLICATION mypublication FOR TABLE users, departments;
</pre><p>
</p><p>
Create a publication that publishes all changes from active departments:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CREATE PUBLICATION active_departments FOR TABLE departments WHERE (active IS TRUE);
</pre><p>
</p><p>
Create a publication that publishes all changes in all tables:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CREATE PUBLICATION alltables FOR ALL TABLES;
</pre><p>
</p><p>
Create a publication that only publishes <code class="command">INSERT</code>
operations in one table:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CREATE PUBLICATION insert_only FOR TABLE mydata
WITH (publish = 'insert');
</pre><p>
</p><p>
Create a publication that publishes all changes for tables
<code class="structname">users</code>, <code class="structname">departments</code> and
all changes for all the tables present in the schema
<code class="structname">production</code>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CREATE PUBLICATION production_publication FOR TABLE users, departments, TABLES IN SCHEMA production;
</pre><p>
</p><p>
Create a publication that publishes all changes for all the tables present in
the schemas <code class="structname">marketing</code> and
<code class="structname">sales</code>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CREATE PUBLICATION sales_publication FOR TABLES IN SCHEMA marketing, sales;
</pre><p>
Create a publication that publishes all changes for table <code class="structname">users</code>,
but replicates only columns <code class="structname">user_id</code> and
<code class="structname">firstname</code>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
CREATE PUBLICATION users_filtered FOR TABLE users (user_id, firstname);
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.77.9"><h2>Compatibility</h2><p>
<code class="command">CREATE PUBLICATION</code> is a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
extension.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.77.10"><h2>See Also</h2><span class="simplelist"><a class="xref" href="sql-alterpublication.html" title="ALTER PUBLICATION"><span class="refentrytitle">ALTER PUBLICATION</span></a>, <a class="xref" href="sql-droppublication.html" title="DROP PUBLICATION"><span class="refentrytitle">DROP PUBLICATION</span></a>, <a class="xref" href="sql-createsubscription.html" title="CREATE SUBSCRIPTION"><span class="refentrytitle">CREATE SUBSCRIPTION</span></a>, <a class="xref" href="sql-altersubscription.html" title="ALTER SUBSCRIPTION"><span class="refentrytitle">ALTER SUBSCRIPTION</span></a></span></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-createprocedure.html" title="CREATE PROCEDURE">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-createrole.html" title="CREATE ROLE">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">CREATE PROCEDURE </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 16.3 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> CREATE ROLE</td></tr></table></div></body></html>