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import logging
import engineio
from . import base_server
from . import exceptions
from . import packet
default_logger = logging.getLogger('socketio.server')
class Server(base_server.BaseServer):
"""A Socket.IO server.
This class implements a fully compliant Socket.IO web server with support
for websocket and long-polling transports.
:param client_manager: The client manager instance that will manage the
client list. When this is omitted, the client list
is stored in an in-memory structure, so the use of
multiple connected servers is not possible.
:param logger: To enable logging set to ``True`` or pass a logger object to
use. To disable logging set to ``False``. The default is
``False``. Note that fatal errors are logged even when
``logger`` is ``False``.
:param serializer: The serialization method to use when transmitting
packets. Valid values are ``'default'``, ``'pickle'``,
``'msgpack'`` and ``'cbor'``. Alternatively, a subclass
of the :class:`Packet` class with custom implementations
of the ``encode()`` and ``decode()`` methods can be
provided. Client and server must use compatible
serializers.
:param json: An alternative json module to use for encoding and decoding
packets. Custom json modules must have ``dumps`` and ``loads``
functions that are compatible with the standard library
versions.
:param async_handlers: If set to ``True``, event handlers for a client are
executed in separate threads. To run handlers for a
client synchronously, set to ``False``. The default
is ``True``.
:param always_connect: When set to ``False``, new connections are
provisory until the connect handler returns
something other than ``False``, at which point they
are accepted. When set to ``True``, connections are
immediately accepted, and then if the connect
handler returns ``False`` a disconnect is issued.
Set to ``True`` if you need to emit events from the
connect handler and your client is confused when it
receives events before the connection acceptance.
In any other case use the default of ``False``.
:param namespaces: a list of namespaces that are accepted, in addition to
any namespaces for which handlers have been defined. The
default is `['/']`, which always accepts connections to
the default namespace. Set to `'*'` to accept all
namespaces.
:param kwargs: Connection parameters for the underlying Engine.IO server.
The Engine.IO configuration supports the following settings:
:param async_mode: The asynchronous model to use. See the Deployment
section in the documentation for a description of the
available options. Valid async modes are
``'threading'``, ``'eventlet'``, ``'gevent'`` and
``'gevent_uwsgi'``. If this argument is not given,
``'eventlet'`` is tried first, then ``'gevent_uwsgi'``,
then ``'gevent'``, and finally ``'threading'``.
The first async mode that has all its dependencies
installed is then one that is chosen.
:param ping_interval: The interval in seconds at which the server pings
the client. The default is 25 seconds. For advanced
control, a two element tuple can be given, where
the first number is the ping interval and the second
is a grace period added by the server.
:param ping_timeout: The time in seconds that the client waits for the
server to respond before disconnecting. The default
is 20 seconds.
:param max_http_buffer_size: The maximum size that is accepted for incoming
messages. The default is 1,000,000 bytes. In
spite of its name, the value set in this
argument is enforced for HTTP long-polling and
WebSocket connections.
:param allow_upgrades: Whether to allow transport upgrades or not. The
default is ``True``.
:param http_compression: Whether to compress packages when using the
polling transport. The default is ``True``.
:param compression_threshold: Only compress messages when their byte size
is greater than this value. The default is
1024 bytes.
:param cookie: If set to a string, it is the name of the HTTP cookie the
server sends back tot he client containing the client
session id. If set to a dictionary, the ``'name'`` key
contains the cookie name and other keys define cookie
attributes, where the value of each attribute can be a
string, a callable with no arguments, or a boolean. If set
to ``None`` (the default), a cookie is not sent to the
client.
:param cors_allowed_origins: Origin or list of origins that are allowed to
connect to this server. Only the same origin
is allowed by default. Set this argument to
``'*'`` to allow all origins, or to ``[]`` to
disable CORS handling.
:param cors_credentials: Whether credentials (cookies, authentication) are
allowed in requests to this server. The default is
``True``.
:param monitor_clients: If set to ``True``, a background task will ensure
inactive clients are closed. Set to ``False`` to
disable the monitoring task (not recommended). The
default is ``True``.
:param engineio_logger: To enable Engine.IO logging set to ``True`` or pass
a logger object to use. To disable logging set to
``False``. The default is ``False``. Note that
fatal errors are logged even when
``engineio_logger`` is ``False``.
"""
def emit(self, event, data=None, to=None, room=None, skip_sid=None,
namespace=None, callback=None, ignore_queue=False):
"""Emit a custom event to one or more connected clients.
:param event: The event name. It can be any string. The event names
``'connect'``, ``'message'`` and ``'disconnect'`` are
reserved and should not be used.
:param data: The data to send to the client or clients. Data can be of
type ``str``, ``bytes``, ``list`` or ``dict``. To send
multiple arguments, use a tuple where each element is of
one of the types indicated above.
:param to: The recipient of the message. This can be set to the
session ID of a client to address only that client, to any
custom room created by the application to address all
the clients in that room, or to a list of custom room
names. If this argument is omitted the event is broadcasted
to all connected clients.
:param room: Alias for the ``to`` parameter.
:param skip_sid: The session ID of a client to skip when broadcasting
to a room or to all clients. This can be used to
prevent a message from being sent to the sender. To
skip multiple sids, pass a list.
:param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace for the event. If this
argument is omitted the event is emitted to the
default namespace.
:param callback: If given, this function will be called to acknowledge
the client has received the message. The arguments
that will be passed to the function are those provided
by the client. Callback functions can only be used
when addressing an individual client.
:param ignore_queue: Only used when a message queue is configured. If
set to ``True``, the event is emitted to the
clients directly, without going through the queue.
This is more efficient, but only works when a
single server process is used. It is recommended
to always leave this parameter with its default
value of ``False``.
Note: this method is not thread safe. If multiple threads are emitting
at the same time to the same client, then messages composed of
multiple packets may end up being sent in an incorrect sequence. Use
standard concurrency solutions (such as a Lock object) to prevent this
situation.
"""
namespace = namespace or '/'
room = to or room
self.logger.info('emitting event "%s" to %s [%s]', event,
room or 'all', namespace)
self.manager.emit(event, data, namespace, room=room,
skip_sid=skip_sid, callback=callback,
ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
def send(self, data, to=None, room=None, skip_sid=None, namespace=None,
callback=None, ignore_queue=False):
"""Send a message to one or more connected clients.
This function emits an event with the name ``'message'``. Use
:func:`emit` to issue custom event names.
:param data: The data to send to the client or clients. Data can be of
type ``str``, ``bytes``, ``list`` or ``dict``. To send
multiple arguments, use a tuple where each element is of
one of the types indicated above.
:param to: The recipient of the message. This can be set to the
session ID of a client to address only that client, to any
any custom room created by the application to address all
the clients in that room, or to a list of custom room
names. If this argument is omitted the event is broadcasted
to all connected clients.
:param room: Alias for the ``to`` parameter.
:param skip_sid: The session ID of a client to skip when broadcasting
to a room or to all clients. This can be used to
prevent a message from being sent to the sender. To
skip multiple sids, pass a list.
:param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace for the event. If this
argument is omitted the event is emitted to the
default namespace.
:param callback: If given, this function will be called to acknowledge
the client has received the message. The arguments
that will be passed to the function are those provided
by the client. Callback functions can only be used
when addressing an individual client.
:param ignore_queue: Only used when a message queue is configured. If
set to ``True``, the event is emitted to the
clients directly, without going through the queue.
This is more efficient, but only works when a
single server process is used. It is recommended
to always leave this parameter with its default
value of ``False``.
"""
self.emit('message', data=data, to=to, room=room, skip_sid=skip_sid,
namespace=namespace, callback=callback,
ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
def call(self, event, data=None, to=None, sid=None, namespace=None,
timeout=60, ignore_queue=False):
"""Emit a custom event to a client and wait for the response.
This method issues an emit with a callback and waits for the callback
to be invoked before returning. If the callback isn't invoked before
the timeout, then a ``TimeoutError`` exception is raised. If the
Socket.IO connection drops during the wait, this method still waits
until the specified timeout.
:param event: The event name. It can be any string. The event names
``'connect'``, ``'message'`` and ``'disconnect'`` are
reserved and should not be used.
:param data: The data to send to the client or clients. Data can be of
type ``str``, ``bytes``, ``list`` or ``dict``. To send
multiple arguments, use a tuple where each element is of
one of the types indicated above.
:param to: The session ID of the recipient client.
:param sid: Alias for the ``to`` parameter.
:param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace for the event. If this
argument is omitted the event is emitted to the
default namespace.
:param timeout: The waiting timeout. If the timeout is reached before
the client acknowledges the event, then a
``TimeoutError`` exception is raised.
:param ignore_queue: Only used when a message queue is configured. If
set to ``True``, the event is emitted to the
client directly, without going through the queue.
This is more efficient, but only works when a
single server process is used. It is recommended
to always leave this parameter with its default
value of ``False``.
Note: this method is not thread safe. If multiple threads are emitting
at the same time to the same client, then messages composed of
multiple packets may end up being sent in an incorrect sequence. Use
standard concurrency solutions (such as a Lock object) to prevent this
situation.
"""
if to is None and sid is None:
raise ValueError('Cannot use call() to broadcast.')
if not self.async_handlers:
raise RuntimeError(
'Cannot use call() when async_handlers is False.')
callback_event = self.eio.create_event()
callback_args = []
def event_callback(*args):
callback_args.append(args)
callback_event.set()
self.emit(event, data=data, room=to or sid, namespace=namespace,
callback=event_callback, ignore_queue=ignore_queue)
if not callback_event.wait(timeout=timeout):
raise exceptions.TimeoutError()
return callback_args[0] if len(callback_args[0]) > 1 \
else callback_args[0][0] if len(callback_args[0]) == 1 \
else None
def enter_room(self, sid, room, namespace=None):
"""Enter a room.
This function adds the client to a room. The :func:`emit` and
:func:`send` functions can optionally broadcast events to all the
clients in a room.
:param sid: Session ID of the client.
:param room: Room name. If the room does not exist it is created.
:param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace for the event. If this
argument is omitted the default namespace is used.
"""
namespace = namespace or '/'
self.logger.info('%s is entering room %s [%s]', sid, room, namespace)
self.manager.enter_room(sid, namespace, room)
def leave_room(self, sid, room, namespace=None):
"""Leave a room.
This function removes the client from a room.
:param sid: Session ID of the client.
:param room: Room name.
:param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace for the event. If this
argument is omitted the default namespace is used.
"""
namespace = namespace or '/'
self.logger.info('%s is leaving room %s [%s]', sid, room, namespace)
self.manager.leave_room(sid, namespace, room)
def close_room(self, room, namespace=None):
"""Close a room.
This function removes all the clients from the given room.
:param room: Room name.
:param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace for the event. If this
argument is omitted the default namespace is used.
"""
namespace = namespace or '/'
self.logger.info('room %s is closing [%s]', room, namespace)
self.manager.close_room(room, namespace)
def get_session(self, sid, namespace=None):
"""Return the user session for a client.
:param sid: The session id of the client.
:param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace. If this argument is omitted
the default namespace is used.
The return value is a dictionary. Modifications made to this
dictionary are not guaranteed to be preserved unless
``save_session()`` is called, or when the ``session`` context manager
is used.
"""
namespace = namespace or '/'
eio_sid = self.manager.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, namespace)
eio_session = self.eio.get_session(eio_sid)
return eio_session.setdefault(namespace, {})
def save_session(self, sid, session, namespace=None):
"""Store the user session for a client.
:param sid: The session id of the client.
:param session: The session dictionary.
:param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace. If this argument is omitted
the default namespace is used.
"""
namespace = namespace or '/'
eio_sid = self.manager.eio_sid_from_sid(sid, namespace)
eio_session = self.eio.get_session(eio_sid)
eio_session[namespace] = session
def session(self, sid, namespace=None):
"""Return the user session for a client with context manager syntax.
:param sid: The session id of the client.
This is a context manager that returns the user session dictionary for
the client. Any changes that are made to this dictionary inside the
context manager block are saved back to the session. Example usage::
@sio.on('connect')
def on_connect(sid, environ):
username = authenticate_user(environ)
if not username:
return False
with sio.session(sid) as session:
session['username'] = username
@sio.on('message')
def on_message(sid, msg):
with sio.session(sid) as session:
print('received message from ', session['username'])
"""
class _session_context_manager(object):
def __init__(self, server, sid, namespace):
self.server = server
self.sid = sid
self.namespace = namespace
self.session = None
def __enter__(self):
self.session = self.server.get_session(sid,
namespace=namespace)
return self.session
def __exit__(self, *args):
self.server.save_session(sid, self.session,
namespace=namespace)
return _session_context_manager(self, sid, namespace)
def disconnect(self, sid, namespace=None, ignore_queue=False):
"""Disconnect a client.
:param sid: Session ID of the client.
:param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace to disconnect. If this
argument is omitted the default namespace is used.
:param ignore_queue: Only used when a message queue is configured. If
set to ``True``, the disconnect is processed
locally, without broadcasting on the queue. It is
recommended to always leave this parameter with
its default value of ``False``.
"""
namespace = namespace or '/'
if ignore_queue:
delete_it = self.manager.is_connected(sid, namespace)
else:
delete_it = self.manager.can_disconnect(sid, namespace)
if delete_it:
self.logger.info('Disconnecting %s [%s]', sid, namespace)
eio_sid = self.manager.pre_disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace)
self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
packet.DISCONNECT, namespace=namespace))
self._trigger_event('disconnect', namespace, sid)
self.manager.disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace,
ignore_queue=True)
def shutdown(self):
"""Stop Socket.IO background tasks.
This method stops all background activity initiated by the Socket.IO
server. It must be called before shutting down the web server.
"""
self.logger.info('Socket.IO is shutting down')
self.eio.shutdown()
def handle_request(self, environ, start_response):
"""Handle an HTTP request from the client.
This is the entry point of the Socket.IO application, using the same
interface as a WSGI application. For the typical usage, this function
is invoked by the :class:`Middleware` instance, but it can be invoked
directly when the middleware is not used.
:param environ: The WSGI environment.
:param start_response: The WSGI ``start_response`` function.
This function returns the HTTP response body to deliver to the client
as a byte sequence.
"""
return self.eio.handle_request(environ, start_response)
def start_background_task(self, target, *args, **kwargs):
"""Start a background task using the appropriate async model.
This is a utility function that applications can use to start a
background task using the method that is compatible with the
selected async mode.
:param target: the target function to execute.
:param args: arguments to pass to the function.
:param kwargs: keyword arguments to pass to the function.
This function returns an object that represents the background task,
on which the ``join()`` methond can be invoked to wait for the task to
complete.
"""
return self.eio.start_background_task(target, *args, **kwargs)
def sleep(self, seconds=0):
"""Sleep for the requested amount of time using the appropriate async
model.
This is a utility function that applications can use to put a task to
sleep without having to worry about using the correct call for the
selected async mode.
"""
return self.eio.sleep(seconds)
def instrument(self, auth=None, mode='development', read_only=False,
server_id=None, namespace='/admin',
server_stats_interval=2):
"""Instrument the Socket.IO server for monitoring with the `Socket.IO
Admin UI <https://socket.io/docs/v4/admin-ui/>`_.
:param auth: Authentication credentials for Admin UI access. Set to a
dictionary with the expected login (usually ``username``
and ``password``) or a list of dictionaries if more than
one set of credentials need to be available. For more
complex authentication methods, set to a callable that
receives the authentication dictionary as an argument and
returns ``True`` if the user is allowed or ``False``
otherwise. To disable authentication, set this argument to
``False`` (not recommended, never do this on a production
server).
:param mode: The reporting mode. The default is ``'development'``,
which is best used while debugging, as it may have a
significant performance effect. Set to ``'production'`` to
reduce the amount of information that is reported to the
admin UI.
:param read_only: If set to ``True``, the admin interface will be
read-only, with no option to modify room assignments
or disconnect clients. The default is ``False``.
:param server_id: The server name to use for this server. If this
argument is omitted, the server generates its own
name.
:param namespace: The Socket.IO namespace to use for the admin
interface. The default is ``/admin``.
:param server_stats_interval: The interval in seconds at which the
server emits a summary of it stats to all
connected admins.
"""
from .admin import InstrumentedServer
return InstrumentedServer(
self, auth=auth, mode=mode, read_only=read_only,
server_id=server_id, namespace=namespace,
server_stats_interval=server_stats_interval)
def _send_packet(self, eio_sid, pkt):
"""Send a Socket.IO packet to a client."""
encoded_packet = pkt.encode()
if isinstance(encoded_packet, list):
for ep in encoded_packet:
self.eio.send(eio_sid, ep)
else:
self.eio.send(eio_sid, encoded_packet)
def _send_eio_packet(self, eio_sid, eio_pkt):
"""Send a raw Engine.IO packet to a client."""
self.eio.send_packet(eio_sid, eio_pkt)
def _handle_connect(self, eio_sid, namespace, data):
"""Handle a client connection request."""
namespace = namespace or '/'
sid = None
if namespace in self.handlers or namespace in self.namespace_handlers \
or self.namespaces == '*' or namespace in self.namespaces:
sid = self.manager.connect(eio_sid, namespace)
if sid is None:
self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data='Unable to connect',
namespace=namespace))
return
if self.always_connect:
self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
packet.CONNECT, {'sid': sid}, namespace=namespace))
fail_reason = exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError().error_args
try:
if data:
success = self._trigger_event(
'connect', namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid], data)
else:
try:
success = self._trigger_event(
'connect', namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid])
except TypeError:
success = self._trigger_event(
'connect', namespace, sid, self.environ[eio_sid], None)
except exceptions.ConnectionRefusedError as exc:
fail_reason = exc.error_args
success = False
if success is False:
if self.always_connect:
self.manager.pre_disconnect(sid, namespace)
self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
packet.DISCONNECT, data=fail_reason, namespace=namespace))
else:
self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
packet.CONNECT_ERROR, data=fail_reason,
namespace=namespace))
self.manager.disconnect(sid, namespace, ignore_queue=True)
elif not self.always_connect:
self._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
packet.CONNECT, {'sid': sid}, namespace=namespace))
def _handle_disconnect(self, eio_sid, namespace):
"""Handle a client disconnect."""
namespace = namespace or '/'
sid = self.manager.sid_from_eio_sid(eio_sid, namespace)
if not self.manager.is_connected(sid, namespace): # pragma: no cover
return
self.manager.pre_disconnect(sid, namespace=namespace)
self._trigger_event('disconnect', namespace, sid)
self.manager.disconnect(sid, namespace, ignore_queue=True)
def _handle_event(self, eio_sid, namespace, id, data):
"""Handle an incoming client event."""
namespace = namespace or '/'
sid = self.manager.sid_from_eio_sid(eio_sid, namespace)
self.logger.info('received event "%s" from %s [%s]', data[0], sid,
namespace)
if not self.manager.is_connected(sid, namespace):
self.logger.warning('%s is not connected to namespace %s',
sid, namespace)
return
if self.async_handlers:
self.start_background_task(self._handle_event_internal, self, sid,
eio_sid, data, namespace, id)
else:
self._handle_event_internal(self, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace,
id)
def _handle_event_internal(self, server, sid, eio_sid, data, namespace,
id):
r = server._trigger_event(data[0], namespace, sid, *data[1:])
if r != self.not_handled and id is not None:
# send ACK packet with the response returned by the handler
# tuples are expanded as multiple arguments
if r is None:
data = []
elif isinstance(r, tuple):
data = list(r)
else:
data = [r]
server._send_packet(eio_sid, self.packet_class(
packet.ACK, namespace=namespace, id=id, data=data))
def _handle_ack(self, eio_sid, namespace, id, data):
"""Handle ACK packets from the client."""
namespace = namespace or '/'
sid = self.manager.sid_from_eio_sid(eio_sid, namespace)
self.logger.info('received ack from %s [%s]', sid, namespace)
self.manager.trigger_callback(sid, id, data)
def _trigger_event(self, event, namespace, *args):
"""Invoke an application event handler."""
# first see if we have an explicit handler for the event
handler, args = self._get_event_handler(event, namespace, args)
if handler:
return handler(*args)
# or else, forward the event to a namespace handler if one exists
handler, args = self._get_namespace_handler(namespace, args)
if handler:
return handler.trigger_event(event, *args)
else:
return self.not_handled
def _handle_eio_connect(self, eio_sid, environ):
"""Handle the Engine.IO connection event."""
if not self.manager_initialized:
self.manager_initialized = True
self.manager.initialize()
self.environ[eio_sid] = environ
def _handle_eio_message(self, eio_sid, data):
"""Dispatch Engine.IO messages."""
if eio_sid in self._binary_packet:
pkt = self._binary_packet[eio_sid]
if pkt.add_attachment(data):
del self._binary_packet[eio_sid]
if pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT:
self._handle_event(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id,
pkt.data)
else:
self._handle_ack(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
else:
pkt = self.packet_class(encoded_packet=data)
if pkt.packet_type == packet.CONNECT:
self._handle_connect(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.data)
elif pkt.packet_type == packet.DISCONNECT:
self._handle_disconnect(eio_sid, pkt.namespace)
elif pkt.packet_type == packet.EVENT:
self._handle_event(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
elif pkt.packet_type == packet.ACK:
self._handle_ack(eio_sid, pkt.namespace, pkt.id, pkt.data)
elif pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_EVENT or \
pkt.packet_type == packet.BINARY_ACK:
self._binary_packet[eio_sid] = pkt
elif pkt.packet_type == packet.CONNECT_ERROR:
raise ValueError('Unexpected CONNECT_ERROR packet.')
else:
raise ValueError('Unknown packet type.')
def _handle_eio_disconnect(self, eio_sid):
"""Handle Engine.IO disconnect event."""
for n in list(self.manager.get_namespaces()).copy():
self._handle_disconnect(eio_sid, n)
if eio_sid in self.environ:
del self.environ[eio_sid]
def _engineio_server_class(self):
return engineio.Server