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# Demonstrates some advanced menu concepts using win32gui.
# This creates a taskbar icon which has some fancy menus (but note that
# selecting the menu items does nothing useful - see win32gui_taskbar.py
# for examples of this.
# NOTE: This is a work in progress. Todo:
# * The "Checked" menu items don't work correctly - I'm not sure why.
# * No support for GetMenuItemInfo.
# Based on Andy McKay's demo code.
from win32api import *
# Try and use XP features, so we get alpha-blending etc.
try:
from winxpgui import *
except ImportError:
from win32gui import *
import array
import os
import struct
import sys
import win32con
from win32gui_struct import *
this_dir = os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[0]
class MainWindow:
def __init__(self):
message_map = {
win32con.WM_DESTROY: self.OnDestroy,
win32con.WM_COMMAND: self.OnCommand,
win32con.WM_USER + 20: self.OnTaskbarNotify,
# owner-draw related handlers.
win32con.WM_MEASUREITEM: self.OnMeasureItem,
win32con.WM_DRAWITEM: self.OnDrawItem,
}
# Register the Window class.
wc = WNDCLASS()
hinst = wc.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(None)
wc.lpszClassName = "PythonTaskbarDemo"
wc.lpfnWndProc = message_map # could also specify a wndproc.
classAtom = RegisterClass(wc)
# Create the Window.
style = win32con.WS_OVERLAPPED | win32con.WS_SYSMENU
self.hwnd = CreateWindow(
classAtom,
"Taskbar Demo",
style,
0,
0,
win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,
win32con.CW_USEDEFAULT,
0,
0,
hinst,
None,
)
UpdateWindow(self.hwnd)
iconPathName = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(sys.prefix, "pyc.ico"))
# py2.5 includes the .ico files in the DLLs dir for some reason.
if not os.path.isfile(iconPathName):
iconPathName = os.path.abspath(
os.path.join(os.path.split(sys.executable)[0], "DLLs", "pyc.ico")
)
if not os.path.isfile(iconPathName):
# Look in the source tree.
iconPathName = os.path.abspath(
os.path.join(os.path.split(sys.executable)[0], "..\\PC\\pyc.ico")
)
if os.path.isfile(iconPathName):
icon_flags = win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE | win32con.LR_DEFAULTSIZE
hicon = LoadImage(
hinst, iconPathName, win32con.IMAGE_ICON, 0, 0, icon_flags
)
else:
iconPathName = None
print("Can't find a Python icon file - using default")
hicon = LoadIcon(0, win32con.IDI_APPLICATION)
self.iconPathName = iconPathName
# Load up some information about menus needed by our owner-draw code.
# The font to use on the menu.
ncm = SystemParametersInfo(win32con.SPI_GETNONCLIENTMETRICS)
self.font_menu = CreateFontIndirect(ncm["lfMenuFont"])
# spacing for our ownerdraw menus - not sure exactly what constants
# should be used (and if you owner-draw all items on the menu, it
# doesn't matter!)
self.menu_icon_height = GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CYMENU) - 4
self.menu_icon_width = self.menu_icon_height
self.icon_x_pad = 8 # space from end of icon to start of text.
# A map we use to stash away data we need for ownerdraw. Keyed
# by integer ID - that ID will be set in dwTypeData of the menu item.
self.menu_item_map = {}
# Finally, create the menu
self.createMenu()
flags = NIF_ICON | NIF_MESSAGE | NIF_TIP
nid = (self.hwnd, 0, flags, win32con.WM_USER + 20, hicon, "Python Demo")
Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_ADD, nid)
print("Please right-click on the Python icon in the taskbar")
def createMenu(self):
self.hmenu = menu = CreatePopupMenu()
# Create our 'Exit' item with the standard, ugly 'close' icon.
item, extras = PackMENUITEMINFO(
text="Exit", hbmpItem=win32con.HBMMENU_MBAR_CLOSE, wID=1000
)
InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)
# Create a 'text only' menu via InsertMenuItem rather then
# AppendMenu, just to prove we can!
item, extras = PackMENUITEMINFO(text="Text only item", wID=1001)
InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)
load_bmp_flags = win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE | win32con.LR_LOADTRANSPARENT
# These images are "over sized", so we load them scaled.
hbmp = LoadImage(
0,
os.path.join(this_dir, "images/smiley.bmp"),
win32con.IMAGE_BITMAP,
20,
20,
load_bmp_flags,
)
# Create a top-level menu with a bitmap
item, extras = PackMENUITEMINFO(
text="Menu with bitmap", hbmpItem=hbmp, wID=1002
)
InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)
# Owner-draw menus mainly from:
# http://windowssdk.msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms647558.aspx
# and:
# http://www.codeguru.com/cpp/controls/menu/bitmappedmenus/article.php/c165
# Create one with an icon - this is *lots* more work - we do it
# owner-draw! The primary reason is to handle transparency better -
# converting to a bitmap causes the background to be incorrect when
# the menu item is selected. I can't see a simpler way.
# First, load the icon we want to use.
ico_x = GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CXSMICON)
ico_y = GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CYSMICON)
if self.iconPathName:
hicon = LoadImage(
0,
self.iconPathName,
win32con.IMAGE_ICON,
ico_x,
ico_y,
win32con.LR_LOADFROMFILE,
)
else:
shell_dll = os.path.join(GetSystemDirectory(), "shell32.dll")
large, small = win32gui.ExtractIconEx(shell_dll, 4, 1)
hicon = small[0]
DestroyIcon(large[0])
# Stash away the text and hicon in our map, and add the owner-draw
# item to the menu.
index = 0
self.menu_item_map[index] = (hicon, "Menu with owner-draw icon")
item, extras = PackMENUITEMINFO(
fType=win32con.MFT_OWNERDRAW, dwItemData=index, wID=1009
)
InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)
# Add another icon-based icon - but this time using HBMMENU_CALLBACK
# in the hbmpItem elt, so we only need to draw the icon (ie, not the
# text or checkmark)
index = 1
self.menu_item_map[index] = (hicon, None)
item, extras = PackMENUITEMINFO(
text="Menu with o-d icon 2",
dwItemData=index,
hbmpItem=win32con.HBMMENU_CALLBACK,
wID=1010,
)
InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)
# Add another icon-based icon - this time by converting
# via bitmap. Note the icon background when selected is ugly :(
hdcBitmap = CreateCompatibleDC(0)
hdcScreen = GetDC(0)
hbm = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcScreen, ico_x, ico_y)
hbmOld = SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbm)
SetBkMode(hdcBitmap, win32con.TRANSPARENT)
# Fill the background.
brush = GetSysColorBrush(win32con.COLOR_MENU)
FillRect(hdcBitmap, (0, 0, 16, 16), brush)
# unclear if brush needs to be freed. Best clue I can find is:
# "GetSysColorBrush returns a cached brush instead of allocating a new
# one." - implies no DeleteObject.
# draw the icon
DrawIconEx(hdcBitmap, 0, 0, hicon, ico_x, ico_y, 0, 0, win32con.DI_NORMAL)
SelectObject(hdcBitmap, hbmOld)
DeleteDC(hdcBitmap)
item, extras = PackMENUITEMINFO(
text="Menu with icon", hbmpItem=hbm.Detach(), wID=1011
)
InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)
# Create a sub-menu, and put a few funky ones there.
self.sub_menu = sub_menu = CreatePopupMenu()
# A 'checkbox' menu.
item, extras = PackMENUITEMINFO(
fState=win32con.MFS_CHECKED, text="Checkbox menu", hbmpItem=hbmp, wID=1003
)
InsertMenuItem(sub_menu, 0, 1, item)
# A 'radio' menu.
InsertMenu(sub_menu, 0, win32con.MF_BYPOSITION, win32con.MF_SEPARATOR, None)
item, extras = PackMENUITEMINFO(
fType=win32con.MFT_RADIOCHECK,
fState=win32con.MFS_CHECKED,
text="Checkbox menu - bullet 1",
hbmpItem=hbmp,
wID=1004,
)
InsertMenuItem(sub_menu, 0, 1, item)
item, extras = PackMENUITEMINFO(
fType=win32con.MFT_RADIOCHECK,
fState=win32con.MFS_UNCHECKED,
text="Checkbox menu - bullet 2",
hbmpItem=hbmp,
wID=1005,
)
InsertMenuItem(sub_menu, 0, 1, item)
# And add the sub-menu to the top-level menu.
item, extras = PackMENUITEMINFO(text="Sub-Menu", hSubMenu=sub_menu)
InsertMenuItem(menu, 0, 1, item)
# Set 'Exit' as the default option.
SetMenuDefaultItem(menu, 1000, 0)
def OnDestroy(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
nid = (self.hwnd, 0)
Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_DELETE, nid)
PostQuitMessage(0) # Terminate the app.
def OnTaskbarNotify(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
if lparam == win32con.WM_RBUTTONUP:
print("You right clicked me.")
# display the menu at the cursor pos.
pos = GetCursorPos()
SetForegroundWindow(self.hwnd)
TrackPopupMenu(
self.hmenu, win32con.TPM_LEFTALIGN, pos[0], pos[1], 0, self.hwnd, None
)
PostMessage(self.hwnd, win32con.WM_NULL, 0, 0)
elif lparam == win32con.WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:
print("You double-clicked me")
# find the default menu item and fire it.
cmd = GetMenuDefaultItem(self.hmenu, False, 0)
if cmd == -1:
print("Can't find a default!")
# and just pretend it came from the menu
self.OnCommand(hwnd, win32con.WM_COMMAND, cmd, 0)
return 1
def OnCommand(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
id = LOWORD(wparam)
if id == 1000:
print("Goodbye")
DestroyWindow(self.hwnd)
elif id in (1003, 1004, 1005):
# Our 'checkbox' and 'radio' items
state = GetMenuState(self.sub_menu, id, win32con.MF_BYCOMMAND)
if state == -1:
raise RuntimeError("No item found")
if state & win32con.MF_CHECKED:
check_flags = win32con.MF_UNCHECKED
print("Menu was checked - unchecking")
else:
check_flags = win32con.MF_CHECKED
print("Menu was unchecked - checking")
if id == 1003:
# simple checkbox
rc = CheckMenuItem(
self.sub_menu, id, win32con.MF_BYCOMMAND | check_flags
)
else:
# radio button - must pass the first and last IDs in the
# "group", and the ID in the group that is to be selected.
rc = CheckMenuRadioItem(
self.sub_menu, 1004, 1005, id, win32con.MF_BYCOMMAND
)
# Get and check the new state - first the simple way...
new_state = GetMenuState(self.sub_menu, id, win32con.MF_BYCOMMAND)
if new_state & win32con.MF_CHECKED != check_flags:
raise RuntimeError("The new item didn't get the new checked state!")
# Now the long-winded way via GetMenuItemInfo...
buf, extras = EmptyMENUITEMINFO()
win32gui.GetMenuItemInfo(self.sub_menu, id, False, buf)
(
fType,
fState,
wID,
hSubMenu,
hbmpChecked,
hbmpUnchecked,
dwItemData,
text,
hbmpItem,
) = UnpackMENUITEMINFO(buf)
if fState & win32con.MF_CHECKED != check_flags:
raise RuntimeError("The new item didn't get the new checked state!")
else:
print("OnCommand for ID", id)
# Owner-draw related functions. We only have 1 owner-draw item, but
# we pretend we have more than that :)
def OnMeasureItem(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
## Last item of MEASUREITEMSTRUCT is a ULONG_PTR
fmt = "5iP"
buf = PyMakeBuffer(struct.calcsize(fmt), lparam)
data = struct.unpack(fmt, buf)
ctlType, ctlID, itemID, itemWidth, itemHeight, itemData = data
hicon, text = self.menu_item_map[itemData]
if text is None:
# Only drawing icon due to HBMMENU_CALLBACK
cx = self.menu_icon_width
cy = self.menu_icon_height
else:
# drawing the lot!
dc = GetDC(hwnd)
oldFont = SelectObject(dc, self.font_menu)
cx, cy = GetTextExtentPoint32(dc, text)
SelectObject(dc, oldFont)
ReleaseDC(hwnd, dc)
cx += GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CXMENUCHECK)
cx += self.menu_icon_width + self.icon_x_pad
cy = GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CYMENU)
new_data = struct.pack(fmt, ctlType, ctlID, itemID, cx, cy, itemData)
PySetMemory(lparam, new_data)
return True
def OnDrawItem(self, hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam):
## lparam is a DRAWITEMSTRUCT
fmt = "5i2P4iP"
data = struct.unpack(fmt, PyGetMemory(lparam, struct.calcsize(fmt)))
(
ctlType,
ctlID,
itemID,
itemAction,
itemState,
hwndItem,
hDC,
left,
top,
right,
bot,
itemData,
) = data
rect = left, top, right, bot
hicon, text = self.menu_item_map[itemData]
if text is None:
# This means the menu-item had HBMMENU_CALLBACK - so all we
# draw is the icon. rect is the entire area we should use.
DrawIconEx(
hDC, left, top, hicon, right - left, bot - top, 0, 0, win32con.DI_NORMAL
)
else:
# If the user has selected the item, use the selected
# text and background colors to display the item.
selected = itemState & win32con.ODS_SELECTED
if selected:
crText = SetTextColor(hDC, GetSysColor(win32con.COLOR_HIGHLIGHTTEXT))
crBkgnd = SetBkColor(hDC, GetSysColor(win32con.COLOR_HIGHLIGHT))
each_pad = self.icon_x_pad // 2
x_icon = left + GetSystemMetrics(win32con.SM_CXMENUCHECK) + each_pad
x_text = x_icon + self.menu_icon_width + each_pad
# Draw text first, specifying a complete rect to fill - this sets
# up the background (but overwrites anything else already there!)
# Select the font, draw it, and restore the previous font.
hfontOld = SelectObject(hDC, self.font_menu)
ExtTextOut(hDC, x_text, top + 2, win32con.ETO_OPAQUE, rect, text)
SelectObject(hDC, hfontOld)
# Icon image next. Icons are transparent - no need to handle
# selection specially.
DrawIconEx(
hDC,
x_icon,
top + 2,
hicon,
self.menu_icon_width,
self.menu_icon_height,
0,
0,
win32con.DI_NORMAL,
)
# Return the text and background colors to their
# normal state (not selected).
if selected:
SetTextColor(hDC, crText)
SetBkColor(hDC, crBkgnd)
def main():
w = MainWindow()
PumpMessages()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()