????
Your IP : 216.73.216.152
�� ) � �Q Hm Im _m sm � �m 4n Pn
in wn J �n > �n = o < Po p �o s �o 5 rp 7 �p K �p o ,q 2 �q 4 �q N r t Sr Q �r O s > js A �s O �s @ ;t 6 |t 0 �t N �t G 3u 8 {u A �u T �u ? Kv L �v A �v @ w H [w A �w + �w � x 5 �x 9 �x n y M �y 3 �y ~ z 3 �z ^ �z � { 5 �{ 6 �{ [ | B q| K �| Q } ; R} J �} 8 �} J ~ - ]~ w �~ J _ N 5 � B � 9 '� 3 a� $ �� 7 �� 3 � 3 &� 1 Z� 1 �� X �� C � > [� O �� W � E B� 7 �� F �� , � H 4� d }� ) � S � < `� Z �� V �� Q O� 6 �� > ؆ + � 1 C� X u� o · M >� 9 �� @ ƈ 8 � ; @� @ |� K �� J � . T� | �� � � > �� F ŋ N � F [� G �� - � 5 � 6 N� C �� K ɍ $ � & :� - a� 9 �� 7 Ɏ 2 � 4 4� 3 i� ) �� R Ǐ 7 � 8 R� ) �� 2 �� ; � B $� ) g� * �� * �� 7 � J � 1 j� . �� - ˒ , �� 4 &� ~ [� $ ړ & �� > &� 1 e� & �� Q �� J � < [� * �� ( Õ % � $ � $ 7� ) \� - �� N �� M � G Q� F �� L � 5 -� / c� M �� C � P %� � v� H
� 4 V� N �� J ښ @ %� L f� 4 �� 1 � K � ( f� 4 �� Q Ĝ , � / C� A s� ? �� A �� > 7� � v� # B� N f� 8 �� < � M +� ; y� 6 �� 2 � 7 � B W� : �� 4 բ L
� H W� ? �� % � # � 2 *� 6 ]� C �� L ؤ E %� R k� N �� A
� _ O� E �� @ �� : 6� ( q� = �� N ا C '� � k� @ � : M� � �� � )� ?� \� _� r� �� �� �� �� �� # Ȫ " � ; � K� k� }� �� � �� : W� �� �� �� �� ì ͬ ެ � + �
/� =� O�
a� l� }� I �� [ ۭ
7� B� S�
h� s� �� �� C �� A � 2� ?� E� X� e� m� w� ~� 5 �� Ư ݯ � �� � "� ,� 8� >� F� O� W� q� �� ��
�� �� �� Ȱ � & � � ( 4� ]� % |� & �� ɱ : � ( � I� 6 d� , �� / Ȳ % �� � /� K� [� I s� �� Ƴ ϳ w ٳ Q� " b� �� �� �� ( �� � � %� 1� C� ! L� n� �� �� �� ҵ � �� � � &� 8� E� T� d�
l� z�
�� �� �� �� �� ��
�� �� ɶ ض � �
�
�� � �
&� 4� A� F� O�
^�
l� z� �� ��
�� η � � � )� ;� K� b� ~� �� �� ˸ ݸ �� , � 9� R� l� & ~� �� �� ߹ �� �
!� /� ?� % P� v� . �� �� " Ϻ � � /� M� c� ' s� & �� » ˻ � � �� �� �
� � 7 %� L ]� �� �� Ѽ � � 2 �� +� 0 D� u� |� �� �� �� Ͻ ؽ � �� �� � "� (� >� U� u� X �� � � �� � � -� C� ]�
w� �� �� ��
�� ̿ � � ' �� . !� ! P� ' r� �� �� �� � �
� �
�� � � :� U� u� �� �� �� � � � � � � "� ,� A� _�
f� ; t� �� �� �� �� �� �
� � � !�
*� 8� ?� K� Q� ]� q� ~� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��
�� � � 8�
@� K� \� a� m� �� �� �� ! �� �� �� 9 � 9 Q� y �� 8 � H >� 8 �� = �� 6 �� 7 5� m� �� ( �� ! �� �� �
� � -� >�
D� O� k�
�� �� �� �� �� �� % �� � !� 6� J� [� `� � x� # 6� # Z� # ~� �� " �� " �� " �� "� <� S� [� c� = z� �� �� �� �� � � �
!� ,� 4� =� J�
[� c f� � �� �� N �� Z �� K R� Q �� . �� / � R O� ^ �� O � U Q� 5 �� = ��
� C &� + j� & �� 3 �� �� � 1� P� ]� w� ! �� * �� * �� 5
� W @� 6 �� 7 �� S � 4 [� H �� 6 �� # � 4� T� k� �� �� < �� < �� < 4� m q� 8 �� j � = �� M �� 7 � G� ) a� % �� & �� 2 �� 3 � # ?� c� � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� � � � )� E� _� # ~� �� �� �� �� �� � ,� $ E� j� ~�
�� �� �� �� �� �� ��
�� �� = �� (� 7� H� M� W� _� e� C r� �� / �� ' �� � 2� ;� M� d� ' �� �� $ �� % �� ! � ) 4� ( ^� / �� # �� ' �� , � . 0� $ _� & �� " �� 4 �� � ! #� - E� ' s� �� % �� 4 �� 1 � - I� / w� " �� �� ' �� � . 2� ) a� 6 �� % �� ! �� $
� * /� + Z� A �� �� �� & �� 0 � . 9� - h� �� % �� ��
�� �� �� # �� � (� :� L�
X� f� r� y� �� �� �� C �� �� � ,� B� 7 L� �� �� �� �� �� ��
�� �� $ � , -� " Z� }� % �� 0 �� ( �� + � & J� q� & �� �� �� �� " � 0 =� ' n� % �� �� �� �� � %� D� b� h� ~� 1 �� �� �� �� �� � #� /�
9� G� g� o� |� �� �� �� �� �� �� � 1� E� f� �� �� ! �� �� �� 2 � 6� U� k� �� �� �� �� �� 2 � 5 B� x� �� �� �� . �� � & � # G� k� ! �� �� �� �� �� � %� 6 @� ) w� ��
�� �� �� �� �� ��
�� � � $� .� 8� N� `� r� ~� �� ��
�� �� T �� � &� 7� =� , M� z� �� �� �� ��
�� �� ( � 0� <� E� K� T� a� q� " ��
�� �� �� �� �� �� ��
� 1 � I� a� q�
�� �� �� �� �� - ��
�� � � . � 3 E� y� �� �� �� ��
�� � E � �
+� 9� K� Z� i� p� �� �� �� �� � * � - � 9� U� h�
p� {� �� �� �� �� �� �� �
� � � ��
� � (� 2� >� X� s� $ �� �� �� �� � � � � ��
��
� � '� 4� ;� B� U� ^� $ g� �� �� �� �� � � � � �� � � 3� B� Q� Z� d�
m� x� ��
�� �� �� �� �� � � � �� � � � � '� *� 2� :� L� U� d�
t� �� �� ��
�� �� �� � � � �� � � '� <� K� ]� o� x� �� �� �� �� �� ! �� 4 �
� !� &� 5� >� . G� v� �� �� �� �� � = � � - (� V� f� w� �� �� = �� � ��
� & �
5�
C� Q� d� x� �� �� �� " � � �� . I f y � � / � � � , " @ c � � � � * �
3 K h � � � � � 0 � + 6 b k > s
� � ) � " �
0 ; E X q ~ � � � � � � � � � � � �
% 5
F Q ] i 7 x 2 � 6 � V q B w & � & �
- G S c
t �
� � � � � � � � � � $ 4 D N ^ ! n � � � � � �
� � � & . D [ l - { � � � � �
-
:
F
X
d
m
w
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
* H R V " t � � � : � 2 � $ ? F ] ( q � � � � � � � � �
'
0
:
, F
s
�
�
$ �
�
�
4 O n � � � # � � ! 8 ? Q
] h x � | & 6 � F � � � B = c : � 6 � s k � 7 � @ + = l k � 3 7 J O � v � G I S � < � 7 " B Z < � = � 1 L J E � = � C R _ @ � ; � H / E x E � < + A � m + : 2 r m D � - % y S , � T � � O . � I F J A � B � Q = h C � 3 � > ! ' ]! w �! K �! T I" 9 �" > �" 5 # / M# $ }# / �# / �# / $ - 2$ . `$ T �$ K �$ 5 0% J f% I �% 5 �% 4 1& D f& ( �& I �& e ' % �' Y �' 9 ( a >( O �( E �( 3 6) H j) # �) - �) V * n \* H �* 8 + > M+ 5 �+ D �+ @ , R H, A �, , �, |
- � �- 5 . 2 >. L q. D �. I / , M/ 5 z/ 5 �/ A �/ D (0 & m0 ' �0 / �0 2 �0 2 1 5 R1 2 �1 , �1 & �1 N 2 , ^2 , �2 , �2 2 �2 > 3 G W3 , �3 ) �3 , �3 , #4 D P4 , �4 / �4 / �4 / "5 8 R5 � �5 & 6 & :6 8 a6 2 �6 ' �6 R �6 M H7 A �7 , �7 & 8 ) ,8 & V8 ) }8 , �8 / �8 O 9 I T9 A �9 > �9 D : 8 d: , �: J �: D ; S Z; � �; G 9< , �< J �< J �< K D= U �= 5 �= , > K I> ) �> 2 �> N �> ) A? ) k? J �? 8 �? 8 @ ; R@ � �@ % [B J �B 7 �B ; C \ @C 5 �C / �C 2 D 7 6D @ nD 4 �D 8 �D O E I mE @ �E ! �E " F 3 =F 3 qF G �F K �F 9 9G S sG K �G 6 H K JH C �H A �H < I ( YI @ �I O �I D J � XJ 4 �J . K � GK �K �K �K L L L
2L @L QL aL hL oL �L 7 �L �L M M 0M � @M ; �M N !N -N :N ON YN jN }N $ �N �N �N �N �N �N �N B O Q QO �O �O �O
�O �O �O �O H P ? ^P �P �P
�P �P �P �P �P �P . �P Q 4Q
;Q FQ NQ iQ yQ �Q �Q �Q �Q �Q �Q �Q �Q �Q �Q R
R
R R ' &R NR ! mR �R ! �R $ �R �R 3 S ! <S ^S - wS $ �S 0 �S ' �S #T 3T MT ^T H {T �T �T �T � �T gU # vU �U �U �U �U �U V
.V 9V
JV % UV {V % �V �V �V �V
W W W ,W 4W CW PW fW zW �W �W
�W
�W �W
�W �W �W �W �W
�W �W �W �W X X %X ,X 9X
FX
QX \X
cX nX xX �X �X �X �X �X �X �X Y Y
%Y 3Y IY bY xY �Y �Y �Y �Y �Y �Y Z +Z ;Z ZZ mZ �Z �Z �Z �Z
�Z �Z �Z �Z ! �Z [ ,[ E[ ^[ z[ �[ �[ + �[ + �[ \ \ 3\ :\ G\ N\ U\ \\ i\ * s\ H �\ �\ �\ ] ] ,] * 3] ^] $ o] �] �] �] �]
�] �] �] �] ^ ^
*^ 8^ B^ [^ x^ �^ & �^ �^ �^ �^ �^ �^ _ )_ >_ V_ ]_ v_ �_ �_ �_ �_ �_ $ �_ + �_ ` % 4` Z` b` x` �` �` �` �` �` �` & �` �` # a % 9a
_a ja �a �a �a �a �a �a �a �a �a b .b 6b 7 Rb
�b �b �b �b �b �b
�b �b �b
�b c c c *c 1c
>c Lc Yc cc pc wc
~c �c �c �c �c �c �c �c d
d %d /d ?d Fd Sd jd �d �d �d �d �d . �d 5 &e w \e , �e 7 f / 9f 2 if & �f / �f �f g * g # Hg lg �g �g �g �g �g �g �g " h :h Dh ^h
~h �h �h % �h �h �h �h i i i � 7i �i j # (j Lj # dj �j �j �j �j �j k
k ? !k ak xk �k �k �k �k �k �k �k �k �k l l j "l � �l ' Km N sm ^ �m N !n N pn ! �n �n N o ` Po R �o N p / Sp ; �p
�p L �p " q :q ' Xq �q �q �q �q �q ! �q " r 0 6r * gr 1 �r N �r . s 0 Bs N ss ' �s < �s 0 't $ Xt # }t �t # �t �t �t = u : Uu = �u o �u ; >v e zv < �v D w 2 bw �w % �w �w ! �w x # 6x " Zx }x �x �x �x �x �x �x �x y y y #y 4y Qy ! ly " �y �y �y �y �y z &z @z ( Zz �z �z
�z �z �z �z �z �z �z
�z �z F { L{ [{ l{ q{ {{ �{ �{ - �{ �{ ' �{ " | %| 8| A| Q| g| �| �| �| �| �| } !} ' @} h} ~} ! �} �} �} �} ~ $ ~ ?~ U~ m~ �~ �~ �~ ! �~ ! �~ $ ! = _ x � � � � ! � #� ?� U� n� �� < �� � � � ' !� I� h� �� $ �� ��
�� ˁ Ձ � � � %� 7�
C� Q� ]� d� p� x� �� 0 �� ̂ � �� � 9 � O� g� w� �� �� ��
�� ă $ ԃ ( �� "� >� ! Y� , {� �� ( $ � � /� N� l� �� �� + Ņ * � � :� T� i� % �� �� �� ކ � $ � " � <� H� \� o� �� �� ��
�� �� ч ه � �� � � (� 5� B� U�
k� y� �� �� �� Έ � �� * � 2� K� [� q� �� �� �� �� ' lj * �
� (� >� K� [� z� �� �� �� ؊ � � � "� 5� N� ' a� �� ��
�� �� � � ��
� � )� 9� C� M� f� x� �� �� ! �� ��
Ɍ C � (� 1� B� H� 0 X� �� �� �� ʍ ݍ
� �� * � 6� B� K� Q� Z� g� w� ( ��
�� �� ̎ ֎ � � ��
� ' � B� O� _�
q� |� �� �� �� ��
؏ � � ' �� 0 � P� Z� a� s� ��
�� �� I �� ��
� � '� 6� E� L� _� g� v� �� �� ' �� 2 ߑ � .� ;�
C� N� Z� i� s� }� �� �� ��
�� �� Ò ͒ ݒ � �� � � �
:� H� g� t� {� �� �� �� �� ��
ē ғ ߓ � �� � � � #� ! ,� N� U� f� w� �� �� �� �� �� є � �� � � � &�
/� :� D�
S� ^� j� n� �� �� �� �� ŕ ѕ Օ ٕ � � � �� � � � .�
>� L� S� c� j� z� �� �� �� �� Ö Ж ܖ � � � "� 4� =� E� L� X� k� u� � ' ��
Ɨ ԗ ٗ � � . ��
)� 7� H� [� n� �� K �� ֘ , � � � 1� ;� Q� ; d� �� ��
�� ƙ
� � �
� � 3� C�
Y� g� �� �� �� Ț � � � � !� ' 0�
X� f� s� �� �� �� �� қ � � � ' (� P� `� s� �� �� �� Ϝ ߜ �� - � 9� ! L� n� w� ' �
�� �� $ �� ' � � �
%� 0� :� M� `� m� r� |� �� �� �� �� �� �� Ȟ Ϟ � �
� ��
� � $�
5� @� L� X� ' g� �� 3 �� T ߟ 4� 6 :� q� �� �� �� �� ޠ � ��
� �
&� 4� D� Q� ^� p� |� �� �� �� �� �� ġ ԡ ޡ � �� � � +� 8� A� Q�
`� k� ~� �� �� �� Ţ ܢ � , �� )� /� @� R� c�
�� �� �� �� �� ƣ أ � � � ��
� � -� >� W� _� l� �� �� �� Ǥ Ѥ դ �� � � !� = +� ; i� �� �� ť ̥ � * �� )� 3� D� P� c� i� p� x� }� �� �� �� �� Ȧ - Ԧ � � ;� ! Y� {� �� �� Ƨ ާ �� � /� H� $ a� $ �� " �� Ψ ը �
� �� � � � m � P * � f � � � X � � ( � # � w � & � [ a � � 7 � � � i ~ + � n � � " � � � � q 9 � � s _ � D [ � 8 + � � . u � C ` S � � � � � G � A � I | � 8 � ? p t � D / � F " � � � | � ? � � � ! � m 2 q ) � � v � � � � �
� � T � - � � � � � V � ~ � � � � j . 0 � � ` � t 9 0 h r V � L _ � � � � � � � � � � H � � � � � � � � � � c A x ] � f � V v � U : � � � � j t F � � � - ' � � � % � � � : � � > W J � 3 � � � � � % � � � � I 3 ^ s � $ Q d � W ; � � � e � } � � � � � � � X � � � | � H ? � U � S � o " � Z � � Z � � � � � { l � � w � � b � - B f � � " � � J � U � � � � r e � � � � � � ' & � � � ; � � � o M � / � � l L r o � m � ~ � G � � < 8 D � � p k ^ � � � y u B F � X _ � > � � p � � � � � h . < � � 6 k � � ) # � � � � t c 3 ` (
� O � ] � d D �
� ~ 1 M � f A F � � �
m � k = K � � � � b � � � k � � � � [ ! � " U P D � � � � � �
c � � � a � � �
� � & � � � � � � S � P � � z � p � S e � � � � � 7 I � � � t ] � Q 4 � � � E � % 7 / * ! � j h @ p 1 \ l � � � � ) � � , N x = � � � � � � � , � 4 K � n � � � � 3 { � � I � O } � @ z < � x � � � { � w � � g � � E � � � � � � j � � � . s
� H : � v T � N > k r � � � � � Y � $ � E & y � � � ` *
T � ] ; � ] { R � J � G � � ( 5 � � � � g � Z � � ^ } � a � i ^
J � � 9 N � � � � � � � � � � $ � V V 4 � } � � � � / � v � � r � N w L � � � � � � � � B � � H s C \ � q L w � � i � R c | � K Y � � U � � x � d � } � 1 � � H � C � � ~ � e � R � N � � � � � A n � � + � � 5 R � � g d T � � � P � ? � � ' ( q { ; � Q R � � I a � : � � � � � � � � � 4 M � � � B � T � � � $ � � ` � O C l � B E � � � � � Y z � q � � W � � h _ � � # h � 5 � � � _ � � � � @ � � � � � � � 2 � � u � 6 � � e + � � 7 � � � Q � � � @ l �
# � � � � � � � d � � � � � � ) � � * [ � 2 � / � G � W � � � O � � � G � i m � � 1 � � 4 b � � � x � � ! � � � � b � M g * 5 � � � u | � 1 � � n > E 6 � % � � � y # < @ � � � � � � � � 9 � � � � ' � ! % � u � � � � A = �
� � W � z K � , � 9 � Z � = � � � ^ 6 = � � , : � 3 Y � � f � � � , � < � M 2 � � 8 \ o � � 6 7 � � � v ( � Y � � � 2 � i ' � � � � s C � � Z � + \ � J
� � � � 0 � � > � - � K � X � \ � � � � P � 5 . � a c � � - � 8 � � � � S � � O � y � � X � Q 0 & � � F L � � � � b � � j � ? � 0 [ � � � z o � $ n � � � � ) g � � � � � y � � � ; � � � � �
Connection options:
Display settings:
Environment variables:
For more information, type "\?" (for internal commands) or "\help" (for SQL
commands) from within psql, or consult the psql section in the PostgreSQL
documentation.
Input and output options:
Output format options:
Parser: "%s"
Parser: "%s.%s" --csv CSV (Comma-Separated Values) table output mode
--help=commands list backslash commands, then exit
--help=variables list special variables, then exit
(options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail)
-0, --record-separator-zero
set record separator for unaligned output to zero byte
-1 ("one"), --single-transaction
execute as a single transaction (if non-interactive)
-?, --help[=options] show this help, then exit
-A, --no-align unaligned table output mode
-E, --echo-hidden display queries that internal commands generate
-F, --field-separator=STRING
field separator for unaligned output (default: "%s")
-H, --html HTML table output mode
-L, --log-file=FILENAME send session log to file
-P, --pset=VAR[=ARG] set printing option VAR to ARG (see \pset command)
-R, --record-separator=STRING
record separator for unaligned output (default: newline)
-S, --single-line single-line mode (end of line terminates SQL command)
-T, --table-attr=TEXT set HTML table tag attributes (e.g., width, border)
-U, --username=USERNAME database user name (default: "%s")
-V, --version output version information, then exit
-W, --password force password prompt (should happen automatically)
-X, --no-psqlrc do not read startup file (~/.psqlrc)
-a, --echo-all echo all input from script
-b, --echo-errors echo failed commands
-c, --command=COMMAND run only single command (SQL or internal) and exit
-d, --dbname=DBNAME database name to connect to (default: "%s")
-e, --echo-queries echo commands sent to server
-f, --file=FILENAME execute commands from file, then exit
-h, --host=HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory (default: "%s")
-l, --list list available databases, then exit
-n, --no-readline disable enhanced command line editing (readline)
-o, --output=FILENAME send query results to file (or |pipe)
-p, --port=PORT database server port (default: "%s")
-q, --quiet run quietly (no messages, only query output)
-s, --single-step single-step mode (confirm each query)
-t, --tuples-only print rows only
-v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE
set psql variable NAME to VALUE
(e.g., -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1)
-w, --no-password never prompt for password
-x, --expanded turn on expanded table output
-z, --field-separator-zero
set field separator for unaligned output to zero byte
AUTOCOMMIT
if set, successful SQL commands are automatically committed
COLUMNS
number of columns for wrapped format
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
determines the case used to complete SQL key words
[lower, upper, preserve-lower, preserve-upper]
DBNAME
the currently connected database name
ECHO
controls what input is written to standard output
[all, errors, none, queries]
ECHO_HIDDEN
if set, display internal queries executed by backslash commands;
if set to "noexec", just show them without execution
ENCODING
current client character set encoding
ERROR
"true" if last query failed, else "false"
FETCH_COUNT
the number of result rows to fetch and display at a time (0 = unlimited)
HIDE_TABLEAM
if set, table access methods are not displayed
HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION
if set, compression methods are not displayed
HISTCONTROL
controls command history [ignorespace, ignoredups, ignoreboth]
HISTFILE
file name used to store the command history
HISTSIZE
maximum number of commands to store in the command history
HOST
the currently connected database server host
IGNOREEOF
number of EOFs needed to terminate an interactive session
LASTOID
value of the last affected OID
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
message and SQLSTATE of last error, or empty string and "00000" if none
NAME=VALUE [NAME=VALUE] psql ...
or \setenv NAME [VALUE] inside psql
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
if set, an error doesn't stop a transaction (uses implicit savepoints)
ON_ERROR_STOP
stop batch execution after error
PGAPPNAME
same as the application_name connection parameter
PGDATABASE
same as the dbname connection parameter
PGHOST
same as the host connection parameter
PGPASSFILE
password file name
PGPASSWORD
connection password (not recommended)
PGPORT
same as the port connection parameter
PGUSER
same as the user connection parameter
PORT
server port of the current connection
PROMPT1
specifies the standard psql prompt
PROMPT2
specifies the prompt used when a statement continues from a previous line
PROMPT3
specifies the prompt used during COPY ... FROM STDIN
PSQLRC
alternative location for the user's .psqlrc file
PSQL_EDITOR, EDITOR, VISUAL
editor used by the \e, \ef, and \ev commands
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
how to specify a line number when invoking the editor
PSQL_HISTORY
alternative location for the command history file
PSQL_PAGER, PAGER
name of external pager program
PSQL_WATCH_PAGER
name of external pager program used for \watch
QUIET
run quietly (same as -q option)
ROW_COUNT
number of rows returned or affected by last query, or 0
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
server's version (in short string or numeric format)
SHELL
shell used by the \! command
SHELL_ERROR
"true" if the last shell command failed, "false" if it succeeded
SHELL_EXIT_CODE
exit status of the last shell command
SHOW_ALL_RESULTS
show all results of a combined query (\;) instead of only the last
SHOW_CONTEXT
controls display of message context fields [never, errors, always]
SINGLELINE
if set, end of line terminates SQL commands (same as -S option)
SINGLESTEP
single-step mode (same as -s option)
SQLSTATE
SQLSTATE of last query, or "00000" if no error
TMPDIR
directory for temporary files
USER
the currently connected database user
VERBOSITY
controls verbosity of error reports [default, verbose, terse, sqlstate]
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
psql's version (in verbose string, short string, or numeric format)
\! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive shell
\? [commands] show help on backslash commands
\? options show help on psql command-line options
\? variables show help on special variables
\C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none
\H toggle HTML output mode (currently %s)
\T [STRING] set HTML <table> tag attributes, or unset if none
\a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode
\bind [PARAM]... set query parameters
\c[onnect] {[DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-] | conninfo}
connect to new database (currently "%s")
\c[onnect] {[DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-] | conninfo}
connect to new database (currently no connection)
\cd [DIR] change the current working directory
\conninfo display information about current connection
\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host
\copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms
\crosstabview [COLUMNS] execute query and display result in crosstab
\dA[+] [PATTERN] list access methods
\dAc[+] [AMPTRN [TYPEPTRN]] list operator classes
\dAf[+] [AMPTRN [TYPEPTRN]] list operator families
\dAo[+] [AMPTRN [OPFPTRN]] list operators of operator families
\dAp[+] [AMPTRN [OPFPTRN]] list support functions of operator families
\dC[+] [PATTERN] list casts
\dD[S+] [PATTERN] list domains
\dE[S+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables
\dF[+] [PATTERN] list text search configurations
\dFd[+] [PATTERN] list text search dictionaries
\dFp[+] [PATTERN] list text search parsers
\dFt[+] [PATTERN] list text search templates
\dL[S+] [PATTERN] list procedural languages
\dO[S+] [PATTERN] list collations
\dP[itn+] [PATTERN] list [only index/table] partitioned relations [n=nested]
\dRp[+] [PATTERN] list replication publications
\dRs[+] [PATTERN] list replication subscriptions
\dT[S+] [PATTERN] list data types
\dX [PATTERN] list extended statistics
\d[S+] list tables, views, and sequences
\d[S+] NAME describe table, view, sequence, or index
\da[S] [PATTERN] list aggregates
\db[+] [PATTERN] list tablespaces
\dc[S+] [PATTERN] list conversions
\dconfig[+] [PATTERN] list configuration parameters
\dd[S] [PATTERN] show object descriptions not displayed elsewhere
\ddp [PATTERN] list default privileges
\des[+] [PATTERN] list foreign servers
\det[+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables
\deu[+] [PATTERN] list user mappings
\dew[+] [PATTERN] list foreign-data wrappers
\df[anptw][S+] [FUNCPTRN [TYPEPTRN ...]]
list [only agg/normal/procedure/trigger/window] functions
\dg[S+] [PATTERN] list roles
\di[S+] [PATTERN] list indexes
\dl[+] list large objects, same as \lo_list
\dm[S+] [PATTERN] list materialized views
\dn[S+] [PATTERN] list schemas
\do[S+] [OPPTRN [TYPEPTRN [TYPEPTRN]]]
list operators
\dp[S] [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access privileges
\drds [ROLEPTRN [DBPTRN]] list per-database role settings
\drg[S] [PATTERN] list role grants
\ds[S+] [PATTERN] list sequences
\dt[S+] [PATTERN] list tables
\du[S+] [PATTERN] list roles
\dv[S+] [PATTERN] list views
\dx[+] [PATTERN] list extensions
\dy[+] [PATTERN] list event triggers
\e [FILE] [LINE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor
\echo [-n] [STRING] write string to standard output (-n for no newline)
\ef [FUNCNAME [LINE]] edit function definition with external editor
\elif EXPR alternative within current conditional block
\else final alternative within current conditional block
\encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding
\endif end conditional block
\errverbose show most recent error message at maximum verbosity
\ev [VIEWNAME [LINE]] edit view definition with external editor
\f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output
\g [(OPTIONS)] [FILE] execute query (and send result to file or |pipe);
\g with no arguments is equivalent to a semicolon
\gdesc describe result of query, without executing it
\getenv PSQLVAR ENVVAR fetch environment variable
\gexec execute query, then execute each value in its result
\gset [PREFIX] execute query and store result in psql variables
\gx [(OPTIONS)] [FILE] as \g, but forces expanded output mode
\h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands
\i FILE execute commands from file
\if EXPR begin conditional block
\ir FILE as \i, but relative to location of current script
\l[+] [PATTERN] list databases
\lo_export LOBOID FILE write large object to file
\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
read large object from file
\lo_list[+] list large objects
\lo_unlink LOBOID delete a large object
\o [FILE] send all query results to file or |pipe
\p show the contents of the query buffer
\password [USERNAME] securely change the password for a user
\prompt [TEXT] NAME prompt user to set internal variable
\pset [NAME [VALUE]] set table output option
(border|columns|csv_fieldsep|expanded|fieldsep|
fieldsep_zero|footer|format|linestyle|null|
numericlocale|pager|pager_min_lines|recordsep|
recordsep_zero|tableattr|title|tuples_only|
unicode_border_linestyle|unicode_column_linestyle|
unicode_header_linestyle)
\q quit psql
\qecho [-n] [STRING] write string to \o output stream (-n for no newline)
\r reset (clear) the query buffer
\s [FILE] display history or save it to file
\set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters
\setenv NAME [VALUE] set or unset environment variable
\sf[+] FUNCNAME show a function's definition
\sv[+] VIEWNAME show a view's definition
\t [on|off] show only rows (currently %s)
\timing [on|off] toggle timing of commands (currently %s)
\unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable
\w FILE write query buffer to file
\warn [-n] [STRING] write string to standard error (-n for no newline)
\watch [[i=]SEC] [c=N] execute query every SEC seconds, up to N times
\x [on|off|auto] toggle expanded output (currently %s)
\z[S] [PATTERN] same as \dp
border
border style (number)
columns
target width for the wrapped format
expanded (or x)
expanded output [on, off, auto]
fieldsep
field separator for unaligned output (default "%s")
fieldsep_zero
set field separator for unaligned output to a zero byte
footer
enable or disable display of the table footer [on, off]
format
set output format [unaligned, aligned, wrapped, html, asciidoc, ...]
linestyle
set the border line drawing style [ascii, old-ascii, unicode]
null
set the string to be printed in place of a null value
numericlocale
enable display of a locale-specific character to separate groups of digits
pager
control when an external pager is used [yes, no, always]
psql --pset=NAME[=VALUE]
or \pset NAME [VALUE] inside psql
psql --set=NAME=VALUE
or \set NAME VALUE inside psql
psql [OPTION]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]
recordsep
record (line) separator for unaligned output
recordsep_zero
set record separator for unaligned output to a zero byte
set NAME=VALUE
psql ...
or \setenv NAME [VALUE] inside psql
tableattr (or T)
specify attributes for table tag in html format, or proportional
column widths for left-aligned data types in latex-longtable format
title
set the table title for subsequently printed tables
tuples_only
if set, only actual table data is shown
unicode_border_linestyle
unicode_column_linestyle
unicode_header_linestyle
set the style of Unicode line drawing [single, double]
nulls not distinct "%s.%s" is not a view %d connection %d connections %s %s %s (every %gs)
%s (%s, server %s)
%s (every %gs)
%s home page: <%s>
%s() failed: %m %s: %m %s: %s %s: cannot copy from/to a directory %s: current transaction is aborted %s: invalid encoding name or conversion procedure not found %s: not connected to a database %s: out of memory %s: unknown transaction status (%lu row) (%lu rows) ***(Single step mode: verify command)*******************************************
%s
***(press return to proceed or enter x and return to cancel)********************
********* QUERY **********
%s
**************************
, , clustered , deferrable , initially deferred , invalid , predicate (%s) , replica identity , tablespace "%s" -1 can only be used in non-interactive mode Access method Access method: %s Access privileges All tables Applicable types Argument data types Asynchronous notification "%s" received from server process with PID %d.
Asynchronous notification "%s" with payload "%s" received from server process with PID %d.
Attributes Available help:
Border style is %d.
Bypass RLS COPY data transfer failed: %s Cache Cancel request sent
Cannot add cell to table content: total cell count of %d exceeded.
Cannot add header to table content: column count of %d exceeded.
Cannot login Check Check constraints: Child tables Collate Collation Column Column privileges Command: %s
Description: %s
Syntax:
%s
URL: %s
Composite type "%s.%s" Compression Conditional
Connection
Could not send cancel request: Create DB Create role Ctype Cycles? Database Default Default access privileges Default footer is off.
Default footer is on.
Default? Definition Deletes Description Destination Deterministic? Dictionaries Did not find any extension named "%s". Did not find any extensions. Did not find any publication named "%s". Did not find any publications. Did not find any relation named "%s". Did not find any relation with OID %s. Did not find any relations. Did not find any settings for role "%s" and database "%s". Did not find any settings for role "%s". Did not find any settings. Did not find any text search configuration named "%s". Did not find any text search configurations. Did not find any text search parser named "%s". Did not find any text search parsers. Disable on error Disabled internal triggers: Disabled rules: Disabled user triggers: Do not give user, host, or port separately when using a connection string Elements Encoding End parse Enter data to be copied followed by a newline.
End with a backslash and a period on a line by itself, or an EOF signal. Enter it again: Enter new password for user "%s": Event Expanded display is off.
Expanded display is on.
Expanded display is used automatically.
Expanded header width is "%s".
Expanded header width is %d.
FDW options FDW options: (%s) Failed.
Field separator for CSV is "%s".
Field separator is "%s".
Field separator is zero byte.
Foreign table "%s.%s" Foreign-data wrapper Foreign-key constraints: Formatting
Function GSSAPI-encrypted connection
General
General options:
Get headline Get next token Get token types Handler Has OIDs: yes Help
ICU Locale ICU Rules ID Implicit? Increment Index Index "%s.%s" Indexes: Informational
Inherits Init Init options Input type Input/Output
Inserts Internal language Internal name Interrupted
Key? Language Large Objects
Large objects Left arg type Line style is %s.
List of access methods List of aggregate functions List of casts List of collations List of configuration parameters List of conversions List of data types List of databases List of domains List of event triggers List of extended statistics List of foreign servers List of foreign tables List of foreign-data wrappers List of functions List of installed extensions List of languages List of non-default configuration parameters List of operator classes List of operator families List of operators List of operators of operator families List of partitioned indexes List of partitioned relations List of partitioned tables List of publications List of relations List of roles List of schemas List of settings List of specially treated variables
List of subscriptions List of support functions of operator families List of tablespaces List of text search configurations List of text search dictionaries List of text search parsers List of text search templates List of user mappings Locale Provider Locale-adjusted numeric output is off.
Locale-adjusted numeric output is on.
Location Materialized view "%s.%s" Maximum Member of Method Minimum Name No changes No connections No database connection exists to re-use parameters from No help available for "%s".
Try \h with no arguments to see available help.
No inheritance No partition constraint Null display is "%s".
Nullable Number Number of child tables: %d (Use \d+ to list them.) Number of partitions: %d Number of partitions: %d (Use \d+ to list them.) Object Object description Object descriptions Objects in extension "%s" Operating System
Operator Operator class Operator family Options Output format is %s.
Owned by: %s Owner Owning table: "%s.%s" Pager is always used.
Pager is used for long output.
Pager usage is off.
Pager won't be used for less than %d line.
Pager won't be used for less than %d lines.
Parallel Parameter Parent name Partition constraint: %s Partition key: %s Partition of: %s %s%s Partitioned index "%s.%s" Partitioned table "%s.%s" Partitions Password for user %s: Password required Password valid until Password: Passwords didn't match. Persistence Policies Policies (forced row security enabled): Policies (forced row security enabled): (none) Policies (row security disabled): Policies (row security enabled): (none) Policies: Previous connection kept Provider Publication Publication %s Publications: Purpose Query Buffer
Query buffer is empty. Query buffer reset (cleared). Record separator is "%s".
Record separator is <newline>.
Record separator is zero byte.
Referenced by: Registered left type Registered right type Replication Report bugs to <%s>.
Result data type Result type Right arg type Role Role name Rules firing always: Rules firing on replica only: Rules: Run as owner? SSL connection (protocol: %s, cipher: %s, compression: %s)
STATEMENT: %s Schema Security Sequence "%s.%s" Sequence for identity column: %s Server Server: %s Settings Size Skip LSN Sort opfamily Source Source type Start Start parse Statistics objects: Stats target Storage Storage type Strategy Streaming Succeeded.
Superuser Synchronous commit TOAST table TOAST table "%s.%s" Table Table "%s.%s" Table attributes are "%s".
Table attributes unset.
Tables: Tablespace Tablespace: "%s" Tags Target type Target width is %d.
Target width is unset.
Template Text search configuration "%s" Text search configuration "%s.%s" Text search parser "%s" Text search parser "%s.%s" The command has no result, or the result has no columns.
The connection to the server was lost. Attempting reset: The input is a PostgreSQL custom-format dump.
Use the pg_restore command-line client to restore this dump to a database.
The server (version %s) does not support access methods. The server (version %s) does not support declarative table partitioning. The server (version %s) does not support event triggers. The server (version %s) does not support extended statistics. The server (version %s) does not support publications. The server (version %s) does not support subscriptions. There is no previous error. Time: %.3f ms
Time: %.3f ms (%.0f d %02d:%02d:%06.3f)
Time: %.3f ms (%02d:%02d:%06.3f)
Time: %.3f ms (%02d:%06.3f)
Timing is off. Timing is on. Title is "%s".
Title is unset.
Token Token name Token types for parser "%s" Token types for parser "%s.%s" Total size Triggers firing always: Triggers firing on replica only: Triggers: Truncates Trusted Try "%s --help" for more information. Try \? for help. Tuples only is off.
Tuples only is on.
Two-phase commit Type Type "help" for help.
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help with psql commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit
Unicode border line style is "%s".
Unicode column line style is "%s".
Unicode header line style is "%s".
Unlogged index "%s.%s" Unlogged materialized view "%s.%s" Unlogged partitioned index "%s.%s" Unlogged partitioned table "%s.%s" Unlogged sequence "%s.%s" Unlogged table "%s.%s" Updates Usage:
Use "\q" to leave %s.
Use \? for help or press control-C to clear the input buffer. Use \? for help. Use \q to quit. Use control-C to quit. Use control-D to quit. User name Validator Value Variables
Version Via root View "%s.%s" View definition: Volatility WARNING: %s major version %s, server major version %s.
Some psql features might not work.
WARNING: Console code page (%u) differs from Windows code page (%u)
8-bit characters might not work correctly. See psql reference
page "Notes for Windows users" for details.
Wrote history to file "%s".
You are connected to database "%s" as user "%s" on address "%s" at port "%s".
You are connected to database "%s" as user "%s" on host "%s" (address "%s") at port "%s".
You are connected to database "%s" as user "%s" on host "%s" at port "%s".
You are connected to database "%s" as user "%s" via socket in "%s" at port "%s".
You are currently not connected to a database. You are currently not connected to a database.
You are now connected to database "%s" as user "%s" on address "%s" at port "%s".
You are now connected to database "%s" as user "%s" on host "%s" (address "%s") at port "%s".
You are now connected to database "%s" as user "%s" on host "%s" at port "%s".
You are now connected to database "%s" as user "%s" via socket in "%s" at port "%s".
You are now connected to database "%s" as user "%s".
You are using psql, the command-line interface to PostgreSQL. \!: failed \%s command ignored; use \endif or Ctrl-C to exit current \if block \%s: could not change directory to "%s": %m \%s: could not read value for variable \%s: environment variable name must not contain "=" \%s: extra argument "%s" ignored \%s: missing required argument \%s: missing right parenthesis \connect: %s \copy: arguments required \copy: parse error at "%s" \copy: parse error at end of line \crosstabview: ambiguous column name: "%s" \crosstabview: column name not found: "%s" \crosstabview: column number %d is out of range 1..%d \crosstabview: data column must be specified when query returns more than three columns \crosstabview: maximum number of columns (%d) exceeded \crosstabview: query must return at least three columns \crosstabview: query result contains multiple data values for row "%s", column "%s" \crosstabview: statement did not return a result set \crosstabview: vertical and horizontal headers must be different columns \df does not take a "%c" option with server version %s \df only takes [anptwS+] as options \elif: cannot occur after \else \elif: no matching \if \else: cannot occur after \else \else: no matching \if \endif: no matching \if \pset: allowed Unicode border line styles are single, double \pset: allowed Unicode column line styles are single, double \pset: allowed Unicode header line styles are single, double \pset: allowed formats are aligned, asciidoc, csv, html, latex, latex-longtable, troff-ms, unaligned, wrapped \pset: allowed line styles are ascii, old-ascii, unicode \pset: allowed xheader_width values are "%s" (default), "%s", "%s", or a number specifying the exact width \pset: ambiguous abbreviation "%s" matches both "%s" and "%s" \pset: csv_fieldsep cannot be a double quote, a newline, or a carriage return \pset: csv_fieldsep must be a single one-byte character \pset: unknown option: %s \watch cannot be used with an empty query \watch: incorrect interval value "%s" \watch: incorrect iteration count "%s" \watch: interval value is specified more than once \watch: iteration count is specified more than once \watch: unrecognized parameter "%s" abbreviated_grant_or_revoke abort the current transaction aborted because of read failure access_method_type action agg aggregate_name aggregate_signature alias alignment allowconn analyze_function and aggregate_signature is: and column_constraint is: and conflict_action is one of: and grouping_element can be one of: and like_option is: and merge_delete is: and merge_insert is: and merge_update is: and partition_bound_spec is: and table_and_columns is: and table_constraint is: and table_constraint_using_index is: and when_clause is: and with_query is: arg_data_type arg_name arg_type argmode argname argtype argument argument_type arguments attempt to \gset into specially treated variable "%s" ignored attribute_name attribute_option auto base_type boolean cache call_handler cancel a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit canceled by user cannot duplicate null pointer (internal error)
cannot escape without active connection canonical_function category change a database change a database role change a run-time parameter change a server configuration parameter change role name or membership change the definition of a collation change the definition of a conversion change the definition of a domain change the definition of a foreign server change the definition of a foreign table change the definition of a foreign-data wrapper change the definition of a function change the definition of a large object change the definition of a materialized view change the definition of a procedural language change the definition of a procedure change the definition of a publication change the definition of a routine change the definition of a row-level security policy change the definition of a rule change the definition of a schema change the definition of a sequence generator change the definition of a subscription change the definition of a table change the definition of a tablespace change the definition of a text search configuration change the definition of a text search dictionary change the definition of a text search parser change the definition of a text search template change the definition of a trigger change the definition of a type change the definition of a user mapping change the definition of a view change the definition of an aggregate function change the definition of an event trigger change the definition of an extended statistics object change the definition of an extension change the definition of an index change the definition of an operator change the definition of an operator class change the definition of an operator family change the ownership of database objects owned by a database role channel check_expression child process exited with exit code %d child process exited with unrecognized status %d child process was terminated by exception 0x%X child process was terminated by signal %d: %s close a cursor cluster a table according to an index code collatable collation collation_version collect statistics about a database column_alias column_constraint column_definition column_name column_number column_type com_op combinefunc command command not executable command not found commit a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit commit the current transaction compression_method compute a set of rows condition conditionally insert, update, or delete rows of a table configuration_parameter conflict_action conflict_target connection to server was lost conninfo connlimit constraint constraint_name copy data between a file and a table could not close pipe to external command: %m could not execute command "%s": %m could not find a "%s" to execute could not find own program executable could not get home directory for user ID %ld: %s could not locate temporary directory: %s could not look up effective user ID %ld: %s could not look up local user ID %d: %s could not open log file "%s": %m could not open temporary file "%s": %m could not parse reloptions array could not print result table: %m could not read binary "%s": %m could not read from input file: %m could not resolve path "%s" to absolute form: %m could not save history to file "%s": %m could not set printing parameter "%s" could not set timer: %m could not start /bin/sh could not start editor "%s" could not stat file "%s": %m could not wait for signals: %m could not write COPY data: %m count create a new database create new rows in a table cross-database references are not implemented: %s cursor_name cycle_mark_col_name cycle_mark_default cycle_mark_value cycle_path_col_name data_source data_type database_name deallocate a prepared statement default default_expr default_string define a cursor define a new access method define a new aggregate function define a new cast define a new collation define a new data type define a new database role define a new domain define a new encoding conversion define a new event trigger define a new foreign server define a new foreign table define a new foreign-data wrapper define a new function define a new index define a new mapping of a user to a foreign server define a new materialized view define a new operator define a new operator class define a new operator family define a new procedural language define a new procedure define a new publication define a new rewrite rule define a new row-level security policy for a table define a new savepoint within the current transaction define a new schema define a new sequence generator define a new subscription define a new table define a new table from the results of a query define a new tablespace define a new text search configuration define a new text search dictionary define a new text search parser define a new text search template define a new transform define a new trigger define a new view define access privileges define default access privileges define extended statistics define or change a security label applied to an object define or change the comment of an object definer definition delete delete rows of a table delimiter delimiter_character deserialfunc dest_encoding detail: dictionary_name direction directory discard session state domain constraint domain_constraint domain_name element empty a table or set of tables encoding encoding_name end_function environment variable PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG must be set to specify a line number error: escape_character event exclude_element exclude_element in an EXCLUDE constraint is: execute a prepared statement execute an anonymous code block execution_cost existing_collation existing_enum_value expression extension_name extra command-line argument "%s" ignored family_name fdw_name ffunc filename filter_value filter_variable for table "%s.%s" force a write-ahead log checkpoint foreign table format_name from_item from_sql_function_name func function function name is required function_name garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database generate a notification generation_expr gettoken_function group_name grouping_element handler_function headline_function hint: history is not supported by this installation icu_locale icu_rules immutable import table definitions from a foreign server improper qualified name (too many dotted names): %s increment index index_column_name index_expression index_method index_name index_parameters index_parameters in UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, and EXCLUDE constraints are: index_predicate init_function initial_condition inline_handler input_function insert install an extension integer internallength invalid binary "%s": %m invalid command \%s invalid line number: %s invalid output format (internal error): %d invalid value "%s" for "%s": integer expected invalid variable name: "%s" invoke a procedure invoker istemplate join_column join_condition join_proc join_type join_using_alias label lang_name large_object_oid lc_collate lc_ctype left_type lexize_function lextypes_function like_option like_type link_symbol listen for a notification load a shared library file local socket local user with ID %d does not exist local_schema locale locale_provider lock a table lockmode loid materialized view maxvalue member_object merge_delete merge_insert merge_update method mffunc minitial_condition minvalue minvfunc more than one row returned for \gset msfunc mstate_data_size mstate_data_type multirange_type_name name neg_op neighbor_enum_value new_access_method new_attribute_name new_column_name new_constraint_name new_dictionary new_enum_value new_name new_owner new_role new_schema new_table new_tablespace new_target new_version no no query buffer no rows returned for \gset null_string numeric_literal obj_file object_name off oid old_dictionary old_role on op_type opclass opclass_parameter operator operator class operator family operator_name option or the old syntax ordering out of memory out of memory
output_expression output_function output_name parameter parent_table parser_name partition_bound_expr partition_bound_spec partition_name partitioned index partitioned table password payload permanent policy_name position a cursor predicate preferred prepare a statement for execution prepare the current transaction for two-phase commit primary key, proc procedure_name property provider psql is the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.
psql variables:
publication_name publication_object publication_option publication_parameter query query ignored; use \endif or Ctrl-C to exit current \if block quote_character reached EOF without finding closing \endif(s) rebuild indexes receive_function refcolumn referenced_table_name referential_action referential_action in a FOREIGN KEY/REFERENCES constraint is: refresh_option reftable relation_name release a previously defined savepoint remote_schema remove a cast remove a collation remove a conversion remove a data type remove a database remove a database role remove a domain remove a foreign server descriptor remove a foreign table remove a foreign-data wrapper remove a function remove a materialized view remove a procedural language remove a procedure remove a publication remove a rewrite rule remove a routine remove a row-level security policy from a table remove a schema remove a sequence remove a subscription remove a table remove a tablespace remove a text search configuration remove a text search dictionary remove a text search parser remove a text search template remove a transform remove a trigger remove a user mapping for a foreign server remove a view remove access privileges remove an access method remove an aggregate function remove an event trigger remove an extension remove an index remove an operator remove an operator class remove an operator family remove database objects owned by a database role remove extended statistics replace the contents of a materialized view res_proc restart restore the value of a run-time parameter to the default value restricted result_rows retrieve rows from a query using a cursor retrieve rows from a table or view rettype rewrite_rule_name right_type role_name role_specification roll back to a savepoint routine_name rule rule_name rules safe sampling_method savepoint_name schema schema_element schema_name search search_seq_col_name seed select send_function sequence sequence_name sequence_option sequence_options serialfunc server_name server_type server_version set constraint check timing for the current transaction set the characteristics of the current transaction set the current user identifier of the current session set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session sfunc shell command argument contains a newline or carriage return: "%s" show the execution plan of a statement show the value of a run-time parameter size skip_option skipping recursive expansion of variable "%s" snapshot_id sort_expression sort_family_name sort_operator source_alias source_config source_encoding source_query source_table source_table_name source_type sql_body stable start start a transaction block start_function state_data_size state_data_type statement statistics_kind statistics_name stop listening for a notification storage storage_parameter storage_type strategy strategy_number string_literal sub-SELECT subscript_function subscription_name subscription_parameter subtype subtype_diff_function subtype_operator_class support_function support_number tab completion query failed: %s
Query was:
%s table table constraint table_and_columns table_constraint table_constraint_using_index table_name tablespace_name tablespace_option target_alias target_role target_table_name target_type template temporary timestamp to_sql_function_name token_type transaction_id transaction_mode transition_relation_name trigger trigger_name trying to exit copy mode type type_modifier_input_function type_modifier_output_function type_name uid unexpected PQresultStatus: %d unexpected transaction status (%d) unique unknown unlogged unrecognized value "%s" for "%s"
Available values are: %s. unrecognized value "%s" for "%s": Boolean expected unsafe unterminated quoted string update update rows of a table user does not exist user name lookup failure: error code %lu user_name using_expression valfunction validator_function value values version view view name is required view_option_name view_option_value volatile warning: when_clause where abbreviated_grant_or_revoke is one of: where action is one of: where aggregate_signature is: where column_constraint is: where conflict_target can be one of: where constraint is: where data_source is: where direction can be one of: where event can be one of: where from_item can be one of: where lockmode is one of: where member_object is: where option can be one of: where option can be: where publication_object is one of: where role_specification can be: where transaction_mode is one of: window window_definition window_name with_query with_query_name yes Project-Id-Version: psql (PostgreSQL) 16
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: pgsql-bugs@lists.postgresql.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2023-09-11 20:47+0000
PO-Revision-Date: 2023-11-06 08:50+0800
Last-Translator: Zhenbang Wei <znbang@gmail.com>
Language-Team:
Language: zh_TW
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;
X-Generator: Poedit 3.4.1
連線選項:
顯示設定:
環境變數:
若需更多資訊，請在 psql 輸入 "\?"(內部命令)或 "\help"(SQL 命令)
或查閱 PostgreSQL 文件中的 psql 章節。
輸入和輸出選項:
輸出格式選項:
解析器: "%s"
解析器: "%s.%s" --csv CSV(逗號分隔值)表格輸出模式
--help=commands 列出反斜線命令然後結束
--help=variables 列出特殊變數然後結束
(選項: S = 顯示系統物件，+ = 額外資訊)
-0, --record-separator-zero
將非對齊輸出的記錄分隔符設定為 0 位元組
-1 ("one"), --single-transaction
以單一交易執行(若為非互動模式)
-?, --help[=options] 顯示說明，然後結束
-A, --no-align 使用非對齊資料表輸出模式
-E, --echo-hidden 顯示內部命令產生的查詢
-F, --field-separator=STRING
非對齊輸出的欄位分隔符號(預設: %s)
-H, --html HTML 表格輸出模式
-L, --log-file=FILENAME 將工作階段記錄存檔
-P, --pset=VAR[=ARG] 將顯示選項 VAR 設為 ARG(參閱 \pset 命令)
-R, --record-separator=STRING
非對齊輸出的記錄分隔符號(預設: 換行字元)
-S, --single-line 單行模式(一行就是一個 SQL 命令)
-T, --table-attr=TEXT 設定 HTML 表格標籤屬性 (例如: width、border)
-U, --username=USERNAME 資料庫使用者(預設: "%s")
-V, --version 顯示版本，然後結束
-W, --password 要求輸入密碼(應該是自動的)
-X, --no-psqlrc 不要讀取啟動檔(~/.psqlrc)
-a, --echo-all 顯示來自腳本的所有輸入
-b, --echo-errors 顯示失敗的命令
-c, --command=COMMAND 執行單一命令(SQL 或內部命令)後結束
-d, --dbname=DBNAME 指定連線資料庫名稱(預設: "%s")
-e, --echo-queries 顯示傳送至伺服器的命令
-f, --file=FILENAME 執行來自檔案的指令然後結束
-h, --host=HOSTNAME 資料庫伺服器主機或 socket 目錄(預設:"%s")
-l, --list 列出可用的資料庫然後結束
-n, --no-readline 停用命令列編輯(readline)
-o, --output=FILENAME 將查詢結果傳送至檔案(或 | 管道)
-p, --port=PORT 資料庫伺服器連接埠(預設: "%s")
-q, --quiet 靜默執行(無訊息，僅查詢輸出)
-s, --single-step 單步模式(確認每個查詢)
-t, --tuples-only 只顯示資料
-v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE
設定 psql 變數 NAME 為 VALUE
(例如 -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1)
-w, --no-password 不詢問密碼
-x, --expanded 啟動擴展表格輸出模式
-z, --field-separator-zero
將非對齊輸出的欄位分隔符設定為 0 位元組
AUTOCOMMIT
如果設定，成功的 SQL 命令將自動提交
COLUMNS
用於封裝格式的欄位數
COMP_KEYWORD_CASE
決定完成SQL關鍵字時使用的大小寫
[lower, upper, preserve-lower, preserve-upper]
DBNAME
目前連線的資料庫名稱
ECHO
控制寫入標準輸出的輸入內容
[all, errors, none, queries]
ECHO_HIDDEN
若設定，顯示由反斜線指令執行的內部查詢；
若設定為 "noexec"，僅顯示而不執行
ENCODING
目前客戶端字元集編碼
ERROR
若上一次查詢失敗，則為 "true"，否則為 "false"
FETCH_COUNT
每次擷取和顯示的結果列數(0 = 無限制)
HIDE_TABLEAM
若設定，則不顯示資料表存取方式
HIDE_TOAST_COMPRESSION
若設定，則不顯示壓縮方法
HISTCONTROL
控制指令歷史紀錄 [ignorespace, ignoredups, ignoreboth]
HISTFILE
用於儲存指令歷史紀錄的檔案名稱
HISTSIZE
儲存在指令歷史紀錄中的最大指令數量
HOST
目前連線的資料庫伺服器主機
IGNOREEOF
結束互動式工作階段所需的EOF次數
LASTOID
上一個受影響的OID
LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE
LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE
上一個錯誤的訊息和 SQLSTATE，若無則為空字串和 "00000"
NAME=VALUE [NAME=VALUE] psql ...
或在 psql 中 \setenv NAME [VALUE]
ON_ERROR_ROLLBACK
若設定，錯誤不會停止交易(使用隱式保存點)
ON_ERROR_STOP
在錯誤發生後停止批次執行
PGAPPNAME
與連線參數中的 application_name 相同
PGDATABASE
與連線參數中的 dbname 相同
PGHOST
與連線參數中的 host 相同
PGPASSFILE
密碼檔案名稱
PGPASSWORD
連線密碼(不建議使用)
PGPORT
與連線參數中的 port 相同
PGUSER
與連線參數中的 user 相同
PORT
目前連線的伺服器連接埠
PROMPT1
指定標準的psql提示符號
PROMPT2
指定當一個陳述式從前一行繼續時所使用的提示符號
PROMPT3
指定在執行 COPY ... FROM STDIN 時使用的提示符號
PSQLRC
使用者 .psqlrc 檔案的替代位置
PSQL_EDITOR, EDITOR, VISUAL
\e、\ef、\ev 命令使用的編輯器
PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG
在呼叫編輯器時如何指定行號
PSQL_HISTORY
命令歷史檔案的替代位置
PSQL_PAGER, PAGER
外部分頁程式的名稱
PSQL_WATCH_PAGER
用於 \watch 的外部分頁程式的名稱
QUIET
靜默執行(同 -q 選項)
ROW_COUNT
上一次查詢所回傳或受影響的列數，或為 0
SERVER_VERSION_NAME
SERVER_VERSION_NUM
伺服器版本(以簡短字串或數字格式表示)
SHELL
\! 命令使用的 shell
SHELL_ERROR
若上一個 shell 指令失敗，為 "true"，若成功則為 "false"
SHELL_EXIT_CODE
上一個 shell 命令的結束碼
SHOW_ALL_RESULTS
顯示合併查詢(\;)的所有結果，而不僅僅是最後一個結果
SHOW_CONTEXT
控制訊息上下文欄位的顯示[never, errors, always]
SINGLELINE
若設定，SQL命令在行尾結束(同 -S 選項)
SINGLESTEP
單步執行模式(同 -s 選項)
SQLSTATE
上一個查詢的 SQLSTATE，若無錯誤則為 "00000"
TMPDIR
暫存檔案的目錄
USER
目前連線的資料庫使用者
VERBOSITY
控制錯誤報告的詳細程度 [default, verbose, terse, sqlstate]
VERSION
VERSION_NAME
VERSION_NUM
psql的版本(以詳細字串、簡短字串或數字格式表示)
\! [COMMAND] 用 shell 執行命令或啟動互動式 shell
\? [commands] 顯示反斜線命令的說明
\? options 顯示 psql 命令列選項的說明
\? variables 顯示特殊變數的說明
\C [STRING] 設定表格標題，若無則取消設定
\H 切換 HTML 輸出模式(目前是 %s)
\T [STRING] 設定 HTML <table> 標籤屬性，若無則取消設定
\a 切換對齊和非對齊的輸出模式
\bind [PARAM]... 設定查詢參數
\c[onnect] {[DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-] | conninfo}
連線至新的資料庫(目前是 "%s")
\c[onnect] {[DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-] | conninfo}
連線至新的資料庫(目前沒有連線)
\cd [DIR] 變更目前的工作目錄
\conninfo 顯示目前連線資訊
\copy ... 用 SQL 的 COPY 並將資料流傳送至用戶端
\copyright 顯示 PostgreSQL 的使用和發佈條款
\crosstabview [COLUMNS] 執行查詢並以樞紐分析表顯示結果
\dA[+] [PATTERN] 列出存取方式
\dAc[+] [AMPTRN [TYPEPTRN]] 列出運算符類別
\dAf[+] [AMPTRN [TYPEPTRN]] 列出運算符族群
\dAo[+] [AMPTRN [OPFPTRN]] 列出運算符族群的運算符
\dAp[+] [AMPTRN [OPFPTRN]] 列出運算符族群的支援函數
\dC[+] [PATTERN] 列出轉型
\dD[S+] [PATTERN] 列出 domain
\dE[S+] [PATTERN] 列出外部資料表
\dF[+] [PATTERN] 列出文字搜尋組態
\dFd[+] [PATTERN] 列出文字搜尋字典
\dFp[+] [PATTERN] 列出文字搜尋解析器
\dFt[+] [PATTERN] 列出文字搜尋範本
\dL[S+] [PATTERN] 列出程序語言
\dO[S+] [PATTERN] 列出定序
\dP[itn+] [PATTERN] 列出[僅索引/資料表]的分割關聯[n=巢狀]
\dRp[+] [PATTERN] 列出複寫發布
\dRs[+] [PATTERN] 列出複寫訂閱
\dT[S+] [PATTERN] 列出資料型別
\dX [PATTERN] 列出擴展統計資料
\d[S+] 列出資料表、檢視表、序列
\d[S+] NAME 描述資料表、檢視表、序列、索引
\da[S] [PATTERN] 列出聚合函數
\db[+] [PATTERN] 列出表空間
\dc[S+] [PATTERN] 列出編碼轉換
\dconfig[+] [PATTERN] 列出組態參數
\dd[S] [PATTERN] 顯示其他地方未顯示的物件描述
\ddp [PATTERN] 列出預設權限
\des[+] [PATTERN] 列出外部伺服器
\det[+] [PATTERN] 列出外部資料表
\deu[+] [PATTERN] 列出使用者映射
\dew[+] [PATTERN] 列出外部資料封裝程式
\df[anptw][S+] [FUNCPTRN [TYPEPTRN ...]]
列出[僅聚合函數/一般函數/程序/觸發器/視窗]函数
\dg[S+] [PATTERN] 列出角色
\di[S+] [PATTERN] 列出索引
\dl[+] 列出大物件，同 \lo_list
\dm[S+] [PATTERN] 列出實體化檢視表
\dn[S+] [PATTERN] 列出 schema
\do[S+] [OPPTRN [TYPEPTRN [TYPEPTRN]]]
列出運算符
\dp[S] [PATTERN] 列出資料表、檢視表、序列的存取權限
\drds [ROLEPTRN [DBPTRN]] 列出每個資料庫的角色設定
\drg[S] [PATTERN] 列出角色授權
\ds[S+] [PATTERN] 列出序列
\dt[S+] [PATTERN] 列出資料表
\du[S+] [PATTERN] 列出角色
\dv[S+] [PATTERN] 列出檢視表
\dx[+] [PATTERN] 列出擴充模組
\dy[+] [PATTERN] 列出事件觸發器
\e [FILE] [LINE] 使用外部編輯器編輯查詢暫存區(或檔案)
\echo [-n] [STRING] 將字串寫入標準輸出(-n 表示不換行)
\ef [FUNCNAME [LINE]] 使用外部編輯器編輯函數定義
\elif EXPR 現有條件區塊中的替代選項
\else 現有條件區塊中的最終替代選項
\encoding [ENCODING] 顯示或設定用戶端編碼
\endif 結束條件區塊
\errverbose 以最大詳細程度顯示最近的錯誤訊息
\ev [VIEWNAME [LINE]] 使用外部編輯器編輯檢視表定義
\f [STRING] 顯示或設定非對齊查詢輸出的欄位分隔符號
\g [(OPTIONS)] [FILE] 執行查詢(並將結果發送到檔案或 | 管道)；
\g 若無參數等同於分號
\gdesc 描述查詢的結果，但不執行該查詢
\getenv PSQLVAR ENVVAR 取得環境變數
\gexec 執行查詢，然後執行結果中的每個值
\gset [PREFIX] 執行查詢並將結果存儲在 psql 變數中
\gx [(OPTIONS)] [FILE] 與 \g 相同，但強制使用擴展輸出模式
\h [NAME] 顯示 SQL 命令語法的說明，用 * 代表所有命令
\i FILE 執行來自檔案的命令
\if EXPR 開始條件區塊
\ir FILE 與 \i 類似，但相對於目前腳本的位置
\l[+] [PATTERN] 列出資料庫
\lo_export LOBOID FILE 將大物件寫入檔案
\lo_import FILE [COMMENT]
從檔案讀取大物件
\lo_list[+] 列出大物件
\lo_unlink LOBOID 刪除大物件
\o [FILE] 將所有查詢結果傳送至檔案或 | 管道
\p 顯示查詢暫存區的內容
\password [USERNAME] 安全地變更使用者密碼
\prompt [TEXT] NAME 提示使用者設定內部變數
\pset [NAME [VALUE]] 設定表格輸出選項
(border|columns|csv_fieldsep|expanded|fieldsep|
fieldsep_zero|footer|format|linestyle|null|
numericlocale|pager|pager_min_lines|recordsep|
recordsep_zero|tableattr|title|tuples_only|
unicode_border_linestyle|unicode_column_linestyle|
unicode_header_linestyle)
\q 結束 psql
\qecho [-n] [STRING] 將字串寫入 \o 輸出流(-n 表示不換行)
\r 重設(清空)查詢暫存區
\s [FILE] 顯示歷史記錄或存入檔案
\set [NAME [VALUE]] 設定內部變數，如果沒有參數則列出所有內部變數
\setenv NAME [VALUE] 設定或取消環境變數
\sf[+] FUNCNAME 顯示函數的定義
\sv[+] VIEWNAME 顯示檢視表的定義
\t [on|off] 只顯示資料(目前是 %s)
\timing [on|off] 切換指令計時功能(目前是 %s)
\unset NAME 取消(刪除)內部變數
\w FILE 將查詢暫存區寫入檔案
\warn [-n] [STRING] 將字串寫入標準錯誤輸出(-n 表示不換行)
\watch [[i=]SEC] [c=N] 每隔 SEC 秒執行查詢，最多執行 N 次
\x [on|off|auto] 切換擴展輸出模式(目前是 %s)
\z[S] [PATTERN] 同 \dp
border
邊框樣式(數字)
columns
封裝格式的目標寬度是 %d。
expanded (or x)
展開輸出 [on, off, auto]
fieldsep
用於非對齊輸出的欄位分隔符(預設值 "%s")
fieldsep_zero
設定非對齊輸出的欄位分隔符為 0 位元組
footer
啟動或停用顯示表格頁腳 [on, off]
format
設定輸出格式 [unaligned, aligned, wrapped, html, asciidoc, ...]
linestyle
設定邊框線條繪製樣式 [ascii, old-ascii, unicode]
null
設定要在空值位置上顯示的字串
numericlocale
啟動顯示區域特定的字符來分隔數字群組
pager
控制何時使用外部分頁程式 [yes, no, always]
psql --pset=NAME[=VALUE]
或在 psql 中 \pset NAME [VALUE]
psql --set=NAME=VALUE
或在 pgsql 中 \set NAME VALUE
psql [OPTION]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]
recordsep
用於非對齊輸出的記錄(行)分隔符號
recordsep_zero
將非對齊輸出的記錄分隔符設定為 0 位元組
set NAME=VALUE
psql ...
或在 psql 中 \setenv NAME [VALUE]
tableattr (or T)
指定HTML格式中表格標籤的屬性，或是LaTeX-longtable
格式中左對齊資料型別的比例列寬
title
設定後續顯示表格的表格標題
tuples_only
若設定則只顯示資料
unicode_border_linestyle
unicode_column_linestyle
unicode_header_linestyle
設定 Unicode 線條繪製樣式 [single, double]
nulls not distinct "%s.%s" 不是檢視表 %d 連線 %s %s %s (每 %gs)
%s (%s，伺服器 %s)
%s (每 %gs)
%s 網頁: <%s>
%s() 失敗: %m %s: %m %s: %s %s: 無法複製至/從目錄 %s: 目前的交易已被中止 %s: 無效的編碼名稱或找不到編碼轉換程序 %s: 尚未連線至資料庫 %s: 記憶體不足 %s: 未知的交易狀態 (%lu 筆資料) ***(單步模式: 驗證命令)*******************************************
%s
***(按 Enter 鍵繼續或輸入 x 然後按 Enter 鍵取消)********************
********* 查詢 **********
%s
**************************
, , clustered , deferrable , initially deferred , invalid , predicate (%s) , replica identity , 表空間 "%s" -1 只能在非互動模式下使用 存取方式 存取方式: %s 存取權限 所有資料表 適用類型 參數資料型別 收到來自伺服器行程(PID %2$d)的非同步通知 "%1$s"。
收到來自伺服器行程(PID %3$d)的非同步通知 "%1$s"(資料 "%2$s")。
屬性 可用說明:
邊框樣式為 %d。
忽略 RLS COPY 資料傳輸失敗: %s 快取 已傳送取消請求
無法將儲存格新增至表格內容: 總儲存格數已超過 %d。
無法將標題新增至表格內容: 欄位數已超過 %d。
無法登入 檢查 檢查規則: 子資料表 Collate 定序 欄位 欄位權限 命令: %s
描述: %s
語法:
%s
網址: %s
複合型別 "%s.%s" 壓縮 條件式
連線
無法傳送取消請求: 建立資料庫 建立角色 Ctype 循環？ 資料庫 預設 預設存取權限 預設頁尾已關閉。
預設頁尾已啟動。
預設？ 定義 刪除 描述 目的 確定性? 字典 找不到名為 "%s" 的擴充模組。 找不到任何擴充模組。 找不到名為 "%s" 的發布。 找不到任何發布。 找不到名為 "%s" 的關聯。 找不到到 OID 為 %s 的關聯。 找不到任何關聯。 找不到角色 "%s" 和資料庫 "%s" 的設定。 找不到角色 "%s" 的設定。 找不到任何設定。 找不到名為 "%s" 的文字搜尋組態。 找不到任何文字搜尋組態。 找不到名為 "%s" 的文字搜尋解析器。 找不到任何文字搜尋解析器。 錯誤時停用 停用的內部觸發器: 已停用規則: 停用的使用者觸發器: 使用連接字串時，請不要分開提供使用者、主機或埠號 元素 字元編碼 結束解析 請輸入要複製的資料，然後加上換行符號。
以反斜線和一個獨立的句點結束，或者使用 EOF 信號。 再次輸入: 輸入使用者 "%s" 的新密碼: 事件 擴展顯示已關閉。
擴展顯示已啟動。
自動使用擴展顯示。
擴展標頭寬度為 "%s"。
擴展標頭寬度為 %d。
FDW 選項 FDW 選項: (%s) 失敗。
CSV 的欄位分隔符號是 "%s"。
欄位分隔符號是 "%s"。
欄位分隔符號為 0 位元組。
外部資料表 "%s.%s" 外部資料封裝程式 外鍵檢查規則: 格式化
函數 GSSAPI 加密連線
一般
一般選項:
取得標題 取得下一個 token 取得 token 類型 Handler 有 OID: yes 說明
ICU 區域 ICU 規則 ID 隱含的? 增量 索引 索引 "%s.%s" 索引: 資訊性
繼承 初始化 初始選項 輸入類型 輸入/輸出
插入 內部語言 內部名稱 已中斷
索引鍵? 語言 大物件
大物件 左參數型別 行樣式為 %s。
存取方式清單 聚合函數列表 轉型清單 定序清單 設定參數清單 編碼轉換清單 資料型別清單 資料庫清單 Domain 清單 事件觸發器清單 擴展統計資料清單 外部伺服器清單 外部資料表清單 外部資料封裝程式清單 函數清單 已安裝擴充模組清單 語言清單 非預設設定參數清單 操作符類別清單 操作符族群清單 運算符清單 操作符族群操作符清單 分割索引清單 分割關聯清單 分割資料表清單 發布清單 關聯清單 角色清單 Schema 清單 設定清單 特別變數清單
訂閱清單 操作符族群支援函數清單 表空間清單 文字搜尋組態清單 文字搜尋字典清單 文字搜尋解析器清單 文字搜尋範本清單 使用者映射清單 區域提供者 根據區域調整數字輸出已關閉。
根據區域調整數字輸出已啟動。
位置 實體化檢視表 "%s.%s" 最大 成員屬於 方法 最小 名稱 沒有變更 無連線 無資料庫連線可供重複使用參數 沒有 "%s" 的說明。
用不帶參數的 \h 查看可用的說明。
無繼承 沒有分割規則 空值顯示為 "%s"。
能否為 NULL 編號 子資料表數量: %d (用 \d+ 列舉。) 分割數量: %d 分割數量: %d (用 \d+ 列舉。) 物件 物件描述 物件描述 擴充模組 "%s" 中的物件 作業系統
操作符 操作符類別 操作符族群 選項 輸出格式為 %s。
擁有者: %s 擁有者 所屬資料表: "%s.%s" 一律使用分頁顯示。
分頁顯示已啟動。
分頁顯示已關閉。
少於 %d 行時不要分頁顯示。
並行 參數 所屬名稱 分割規則: %s 分割索引鍵: %s 分割來自: %s %s%s 分割索引 "%s.%s" 分割資料表 "%s.%s" 分割 使用者 %s 的密碼: 需要密碼 密碼有效期至 密碼: 密碼不一致。 永續性 政策 政策(強制列安全性已啟動): 政策(強制列安全性已啟動): (none) 政策(列安全性已關閉): 政策(列安全性已啟動): (none) 政策: 保留前一個連線 提供者 發布 發布 %s 發布: 用途 查詢暫存區
查詢緩存區是空的。 查詢緩存區已重設(已清除)。 記錄分隔符號是 "%s"。
記錄分隔符號是 <newline>。
記錄分隔符號是 0 位元組。
參考者: 已註冊左側型別 已註冊右側型別 複寫 回報錯誤至 <%s>。
結果資料型別 結果類型 右參數型別 角色 角色名稱 永遠觸發的規則: 只在複本觸發的規則: 規則: 以擁有者身分執行？ SSL 連線(協議: %s，加密方式: %s，壓縮: %s)
陳述式: %s Schema 安全性 序列 "%s.%s" 自動增量欄位序列: %s 伺服器 伺服器: %s 設定 大小 略過 LSN 排序 opfamily 來源 來源類型 開始 開始解析 統計物件: 統計目標 儲存體 儲存類型 策略 串流 成功。
超級用戶 同步提交 TOAST 資料表 TOAST 資料表 "%s.%s" 資料表 資料表 "%s.%s" 表格屬性是 "%s"。
表格屬性未設定。
資料表: 表空間 表空間: "%s" 標籤 目標類型 目標寬度是 %d。
目標寬度未設定。
模版 文字搜尋組態 "%s" 文字搜尋組態 "%s.%s" 文字搜尋解析器 "%s" 文字搜尋解析器 "%s.%s" 命令沒有結果，或結果沒有欄位。
與伺服器的連線已中斷。嘗試重新連線: 輸入為 PostgreSQL 自訂格式的備份檔案。
用 pg_restore 命令列客戶端將此備份還原到資料庫。
伺服器(版本 %s)不支援存取方式。 伺服器(版本%s)不支援聲明式資料表分割。 伺服器(版本 %s)不支援事件觸發器。 伺服器(版本 %s)不支援擴展統計資料。 伺服器(版本 %s)不支援發布。 伺服器(版本 %s)不支援使用者映射。 沒有先前的錯誤。 時間: %.3f ms
時間: %.3f ms (%.0f d %02d:%02d:%06.3f)
時間: %.3f ms (%02d:%02d:%06.3f)
時間: %.3f ms (%02d:%06.3f)
計時功能已停止。 計時功能已啟動。 標題是 "%s"。
標題未設定。
Token Token 名稱 解析器 "%s" 的 token 類型 解析器 "%s.%s" 的 token 類型 總大小 永遠觸發的觸發器: 只在複本觸發的觸發器: 觸發器: 清除 信任的 用 "%s --help" 取得更多資訊。 用 \? 顯示說明。 只顯示資料 off
只顯示資料 on
兩階段提交 型別 輸入 "help" 顯示說明。
輸入: \copyright 顯示發行條款
\h 顯示 SQL 命令的說明
\? 顯示 psql 命令的說明
\g 或以分號結尾以執行查詢
\q 結束
Unicode 邊框樣式為 "%s"。
Unicode 欄線樣式為 "%s"。
Unicode 標頭線樣式為 "%s"。
無日誌索引 "%s.%s" 無日誌實體化檢視表 "%s.%s" 無日誌分割索引 "%s.%s" 無日誌分割資料表 "%s.%s" 無日誌序列 "%s.%s" 無日誌資料表 "%s.%s" 更新 用法:
用 "\q" 離開 %s。
用 \? 取得說明，或按 Control-C 清除輸入緩衝區。 用 \? 取得說明。 用 \q 結束。 用 Control-C 結束。 用 Control-D 結束。 使用者名稱 驗證程式 值 變數
版本 經由 root 檢視表 "%s.%s" 檢視表定義: 變動性 警告: %s 主要版本 %s，伺服器主要版本 %s。
某些 psql 功能可能無法運作。
警告: console 字碼頁(%u)與 Windows 字碼頁(%u)不同
8 位元字符可能無法正確運作。詳細資訊請參閱
psql 手冊 "Windows 使用者注意事項"。
已將歷史記錄寫入檔案 "%s"。
已連線至資料庫 "%s"，使用者 "%s"，位址 "%s"，連接埠 "%s"。
已連線至資料庫 "%s"，使用者 "%s"，主機 "%s” (位址 "%s")，連接埠 "%s"。
已連線至資料庫 "%s"，使用者 "%s"，主機 "%s"，連接埠 "%s"。
已連線至資料庫 "%s"，使用者 "%s"，socket "%s"，連接埠 "%s"。
目前尚未連線至資料庫。 目前未連線至資料庫。
已連線至資料庫 "%s"，使用者 "%s"，位址 "%s"，連接埠 "%s"。
已連線至資料庫 "%s"，使用者 "%s"，主機 “%s” (位址 "%s")，連接埠 "%s"。
已連線至資料庫 "%s"，使用者 "%s"，主機 “%s”，連接埠 "%s"。
已連線至資料庫 "%s"，使用者 "%s"，socket "%s"，連接埠 "%s"。
已連線至資料庫 "%s"，使用者 "%s"。
您正在使用 psql，這是 PostgreSQL 的命令列界面 \!: 失敗 \%s 命令被忽略；請使用 \endif 或 Ctrl-C 退出當前的 \if 區塊 %s: 無法變更目錄至 "%s": %m \%s: 無法讀取變數的值 \%s: 環境變數名稱不應包含 "=" \%s: 忽略額外的參數 "%s" \%s: 缺少必要的參數 \%s: 缺少右括號 \connect: %s \copy: 需要參數 \copy: 解析錯誤，位於 "%s" \copy: 解析錯誤，位於行尾 \crosstabview: 模稜兩可的欄位名稱: "%s" \crosstabview: 找不到欄位名稱: "%s" \crosstabview: 欄位編號 %d 超過範圍 1..%d \crosstabview: 當查詢回傳超過三個欄位時，必須指定資料欄位 \crosstabview: 超過最大欄位數限制(%d) \crosstabview: 查詢至少要回傳三個欄位 \crosstabview: 查詢結果包含多個資料值，列 ”%s”，欄 ”%s” \crosstabview: 敘述未回傳結果集 \crosstabview: 垂直和水平標頭必須是不同的欄位 \df 伺服器版本 %2$s 不接受 "%1$c" 選項 \df 只接受 [anptwS+] 作為選項 \elif: 不能出現在 \else 之後 \elif: 沒有對應的 \if \else: 不能出現在 \else 之後 \else: 沒有對應的 \if \endif: 沒有對應的 \if \pset: 允許的 Unicode 邊框線樣式包括 single, double \pset: 允許的 Unicode 欄線樣式包括 single, double \pset: 允許的 Unicode 標頭線樣式包括 single, double \pset: 允許的格式包括 aligned, asciidoc, csv, html, latex, latex-longtable, troff-ms, unaligned, wrapped \pset: 允許的行樣式包括 ascii、old-ascii、unicode \pset: 允許的 xheader_width 值為 "%s"（預設）、"%s"、"%s"，或指定確切寬度的數字 \pset: 模稜兩可的縮寫 "%s" 同時符合 "%s" 和 "%s" \pset: csv_fieldsep 不能是雙引號、換行符號或歸位符號 \pset: csv_fieldsep 必須是一位元組的字元 \pset: 不明選項: %s \watch 不能與空查詢一起使用 \watch: 錯誤的間隔值 "%s" \watch: 錯誤的迭代次數 "%s \watch: 間隔值被指定多次 \watch: 迭代次數被指定多次 \watch: 無法識別的參數 "%s" abbreviated_grant_or_revoke 中止目前的交易 因讀取失敗而中止 access_method_type action agg aggregate_name aggregate_signature alias alignment allowconn analyze_function 且 aggregate_signature 是: 且 column_constraint 是: 其中 conflict_action 可以是: 其中 grouping_element 可以是: 且 like_option 是: 且 merge_delete 是: 且 merge_insert 是: 且 merge_update 是: 且 partition_bound_spec 是: 且 table_constraint 是: 且 table_constraint 是: 並且 table_constraint_using_index 是: 且 when_clause 是: 且 with_query 是: arg_data_type arg_name arg_type argmode argname argtype argument argument_type arguments 嘗試將資料用 \gset 存入特殊變數 "%s" 的操作已被忽略 attribute_name attribute_option auto base_type boolean cache call_handler 取消先前為兩階提交可準備的交易 已被使用者取消 無法複製 null 指標(內部錯誤)
沒有活動中連線無法 escape canonical_function category 變更資料庫 變更資料庫角色 變更執行時期參數 變更伺服器組態參數 變更角色名稱或成員 變更定序的定義 變更編碼轉換的定義 變更 domain 的定義 變更外部伺服器的定義 變更外部資料表的定義 變更外部資料封裝程式的定義 變更函數的定義 變更大物件的定義 變更實體化檢視表的定義 變更程序語言的定義 變更程序的定義 變更發布的定義 變更 routine 的定義 變更列層級安全政策的定義 變更規則的定義 變更 schema 的定義 變更序列產生器的定義 變更訂閱的定義 變更資料表的定義 變更表空間的定義 變更文字搜尋組態的定義 變更文字搜尋字典的定義 變更文字搜尋解析器的定義 變更文字搜尋範本的定義 變更觸發器的定義 變更型別的定義 變更使用者映射的定義 變更檢視表的定義 變更聚合函數的定義 變更事件觸發器的定義 變更擴展統計物件的定義 變更擴充功能的定義 變更索引的定義 變更運算符的定義 變更運算符類別的定義 變更運算符族群的定義 變更由資料庫角色擁有的資料庫物件的所有權 channel check_expression 子行程結束，結束碼 %d 子進程結束，不明狀態代碼 %d 子進程被例外 0x%X 終止 子進程被信號 %d 終止: %s 關閉游標 根據索引對資料表進行分群 code collatable collation collation_version 收集資料庫的統計資料 column_alias column_constraint column_definition column_name column_number column_type com_op combinefunc command 無法執行指令 找不到指令 提交之前為兩階段提交所準備的交易 提交目前的交易 compression_method 計算一組資料列 condition 有條件地插入、更新或刪除資料表的資料列 configuration_parameter conflict_action conflict_target 與伺服器的連線已中斷 conninfo connlimit constraint constraint_name 在檔案和資料表間複製資料 無法關閉對外部命令的管道: %m 無法執行命令 "%s": %m 找不到要執行的 "%s" 找不到自身程式的執行檔 無法取得使用者ID %ld 的家目錄: %s 找不到暫存目錄: %s 無法查詢有效的使用者ID %ld: %s 無法查詢本地使用者ID %d: %s 無法開啟日誌檔 "%s": %m 無法開啟暫存檔 "%s": %m 無法解析 reloption 陣列 無法顯示結果表格: %m 無法讀取執行檔 "%s": %m 無法從輸入檔讀取: %m 無法解析路徑 "%s" 為絕對路徑: %m 無法將歷史記錄存入檔案 "%s": %m 無法設定顯示參數 "%s" 無法設置計時器: %m 無法啟動 /bin/sh 無法啟動編輯器 "%s" 無法取得檔案 "%s" 的狀態: %m 無法等待信號: %m 無法寫入 COPY 資料: %m count 建立資料庫 在資料表中建立新的資料列 尚未實作跨資料庫參考: %s cursor_name cycle_mark_col_name cycle_mark_default cycle_mark_value cycle_path_col_name data_source data_type database_name 釋放已編譯陳述式 default default_expr default_string 建立游標 建立存取方式 建立聚合函數 建立轉型 建立定序 建立資料型別 建立資料庫角色 建立 domain 建立編碼轉換 建立事件觸發器 建立外部伺服器 建立外部資料表 建立外部資料封裝程式 建立函數 建立索引 建立使用者至外部伺服器的映射 建立實體化檢視表 建立運算符 建立運算符類別 建立運算符族群 建立程序語言 建立程序 建立發布 建立重寫規則 為資料表建立列層級安全政策 在目前的交易中建立新的儲存點 建立 schema 建立序列產生器 建立訂閱 建立資料表 以查詢結果建立資料表 建立表空間 建立文字搜尋組態 建立文字搜尋字典 建立文字搜尋解析器 建立文字搜尋範本 建立 transform 建立觸發器 建立檢視表 定義存取權限 定義預設存取權限 建立擴展統計 建立或變更物件的安全性標籤 建立或修改物件的註解 definer definition delete 刪除資料表中的資料列 delimiter delimiter_character deserialfunc dest_encoding 詳細內容: dictionary_name direction directory 拋棄工作階段狀態 domain constraint domain_constraint domain_name element 清空資料表或一組資料表 encoding encoding_name end_function 必須設定環境變數 PSQL_EDITOR_LINENUMBER_ARG 以指定行號 錯誤: escape_character event exclude_element 在 EXCLUDE 約束條件的 exclude_element 是: 執行已編譯陳述式 執行匿名程式區塊 execution_cost existing_collation existing_enum_value expression extension_name 額外的命令列參數 "%s" 已被忽略 family_name fdw_name ffunc filename filter_value filter_variable for table "%s.%s" 強制執行 write-ahead 日誌檢查點 foreign table format_name from_item from_sql_function_name func 函數 需要函數名稱 function_name 垃圾回收並選擇性分析資料庫 產生通知 generation_expr gettoken_function group_name grouping_element handler_function headline_function 提示: 此安裝不支援歷史記錄 icu_locale icu_rules immutable 從外部伺服器匯入資料表定義 不合適的完整名稱(太多點號名稱): %s increment 索引 index_column_name index_expression index_method index_name index_parameters UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, and EXCLUDE 約束條件中的 index_parameters 是: index_predicate init_function initial_condition inline_handler input_function insert 安裝擴充模組 integer internallength 無效的執行檔 "%s": %m 無效命令 \%s 無效的行號: %s 無效的輸出格式(內部錯誤): %d 值 "%s" 對於 "%s" 是無效的: 預期為整數 無效的變數名稱: "%s" 呼叫程序 invoker istemplate join_column join_condition join_proc join_type join_using_alias label lang_name large_object_oid lc_collate lc_ctype left_type lexize_function lextypes_function like_option like_type link_symbol 監聽通知 載入共用程式庫檔案 本機 socket 本地使用者ID %d 不存在 local_schema locale locale_provider 鎖定資料表 lockmode loid materialized view maxvalue member_object merge_delete merge_insert merge_update method mffunc minitial_condition minvalue minvfunc 回傳多於一筆資料給 \gset msfunc mstate_data_size mstate_data_type multirange_type_name name neg_op neighbor_enum_value new_access_method new_attribute_name new_column_name new_constraint_name new_dictionary new_enum_value new_name new_owner new_role new_schema new_table new_tablespace new_target new_version 否 沒有查詢緩存區 沒有回傳資料給 \gset null_string numeric_literal obj_file object_name off oid old_dictionary old_role on op_type opclass opclass_parameter operator operator class operator family operator_name option 或是舊語法 排序 記憶體不足 記憶體不足
output_expression output_function output_name parameter parent_table parser_name partition_bound_expr partition_bound_spec partition_name 分割索引 partitioned table password payload 永久 policy_name 移動游標位置 predicate preferred 預先編譯陳述式以執行 為目前的交易準備兩階段提交 primary key, proc procedure_name property provider psql 是 PostgreSQL 互動式操作介面。
psql 變數:
publication_name publication_object publication_option publication_parameter query 查詢被忽略；使用 \endif 或按 Ctrl-C 以退出當前的 \if 區塊 quote_character 已達到 EOF，但找不到結尾的 \endif 重建索引 receive_function refcolumn referenced_table_name referential_action FOREIGN KEY/REFERENCES 約束中的 referential_action 是: refresh_option reftable relation_name 釋放先前建立的儲存點 remote_schema 刪除轉型 刪除定序 刪除編碼轉換 刪除資料型別 刪除資料庫 刪除資料庫角色 刪除 domain 刪除外部伺服器描述符 刪除外部資料表 刪除外部資料封裝程式 刪除函數 刪除實體化檢視表 刪除程序語言 刪除程序 刪除發布 刪除重寫規則 刪除 routine 刪除資料表的列層級安全政策 刪除 schema 刪除序列 刪除訂閱 刪除資料表 刪除表空間 刪除文字搜尋組態 刪除文字搜尋字典 刪除文字搜尋解析器 刪除文字搜尋範本 刪除 transform 刪除觸發器 刪除外部伺服器的使用者映射 刪除檢視表 移除存取權限 刪除存取方式 刪除聚合函數 刪除事件觸發器 刪除擴充模組 刪除索引 刪除運算符 刪除運算符類別 刪除運算符族群 刪除資料庫角色擁有的資料庫物件 刪除擴展統計 替換實體化檢視表的內容 res_proc restart 將執行時期參數還原成預設值 restricted result_rows 使用游標擷取查詢的資料列 從資料表或檢視表讀取資料列 rettype rewrite_rule_name right_type role_name role_specification 還原至儲存點 routine_name rule rule_name rules safe sampling_method savepoint_name schema schema_element schema_name 搜尋 search_seq_col_name seed select send_function sequence sequence_name sequence_option sequence_options serialfunc server_name server_type server_version 設定目前交易的約束檢查時機 設定目前交易的屬性 設定目前工作階段的目前使用者識別碼 設定目前工作階段的工作階段使用者識別碼和目前使用者識別碼 sfunc shell 命令的參數包含換行或歸位符號: "%s" 顯示陳述式的執行計劃 顯示執行時期的參數值 size skip_option 略過遞迴展開變數 "%s" snapshot_id sort_expression sort_family_name sort_operator source_alias source_config source_encoding source_query source_table source_table_name source_type sql_body stable start 開始交易區塊 start_function state_data_size state_data_type statement statistics_kind statistics_name 停止監聽通知 storage storage_parameter storage_type strategy strategy_number string_literal sub-SELECT subscript_function subscription_name subscription_parameter subtype subtype_diff_function subtype_operator_class support_function support_number tab 補全命令失敗: %s
查詢如下:
%s table table constraint table_and_columns table_constraint table_constraint_using_index table_name tablespace_name tablespace_option target_alias target_role target_table_name target_type template 暫時 timestamp to_sql_function_name token_type transaction_id transaction_mode transition_relation_name trigger trigger_name 試圖退出複製模式 型別 type_modifier_input_function type_modifier_output_function type_name uid 非預期的 PQresultStatus: %d 非預期的交易狀態(%d) unique unknown 無日誌 "%s" 對於 "%s" 是無法識別的值
可用的值為: %s。 值 "%s" 對於 "%s" 是無法識別的: 預期為布林值 unsafe 未完成的引號字串 update 更新資料表中的資料列 使用者不存在 使用者名稱查詢失敗: 錯誤碼 %lu user_name using_expression valfunction validator_function value values version view 需要檢視表名稱 view_option_name view_option_value volatile 警告: when_clause 其中 abbreviated_grant_or_revoke 可以是: 其中 action 可以是: 其中 aggregate_signature 是: 其中 column_constraint 是: 其中 conflict_target 可以是: 其中 constraint 是: 其中 data_source 是: 其中 direction 可以是: 其中 event 可以是: 其中 from_item 可以是: 其中 lockmode 可以是: 其中 member_object 是: 其中 option 可以是: 其中 option 可以是: 其中 publication_object 可以是: 其中 role_specification 可以是: 其中 transaction_mode 可以是: window window_definition window_name with_query with_query_name 是